这篇文章主要为大家展示了“Android子线程与更新UI的示例分析”,内容简而易懂,条理清晰,希望能够帮助大家解决疑惑,下面让小编带领大家一起研究并学习一下“Android子线程与更新UI的示例分析”这篇文章吧。
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引子:
情形1
@Override protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) { super.onCreate(savedInstanceState); setContentView(R.layout.activity_main); TextView textView = findViewById(R.id.home_tv); ImageView imageView = findViewById(R.id.home_img); new Thread(new Runnable() { @Override public void run() { textView.setText("更新TextView"); imageView.setImageResource(R.drawable.img); } }).start(); }
运行结果:正常运行!!!
情形二
@Override protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) { super.onCreate(savedInstanceState); setContentView(R.layout.activity_main); TextView textView = findViewById(R.id.home_tv); ImageView imageView = findViewById(R.id.home_img); new Thread(new Runnable() { @Override public void run() { try { Thread.sleep(5000); } catch (InterruptedException e) { e.printStackTrace(); } textView.setText("更新TextView"); imageView.setImageResource(R.drawable.img); } }).start(); }
运行结果:异常
android.view.ViewRootImpl$CalledFromWrongThreadException: Only the original thread that created a view hierarchy can touch its views.
at android.view.ViewRootImpl.checkThread(ViewRootImpl.java:6357)
at android.view.ViewRootImpl.requestLayout(ViewRootImpl.java:874)
at android.view.View.requestLayout(View.java:17476)
at android.view.View.requestLayout(View.java:17476)
at android.view.View.requestLayout(View.java:17476)
at android.view.View.requestLayout(View.java:17476)
at android.view.View.requestLayout(View.java:17476)
at android.view.View.requestLayout(View.java:17476)
at android.widget.RelativeLayout.requestLayout(RelativeLayout.java:360)
at android.view.View.requestLayout(View.java:17476)
at android.widget.TextView.checkForRelayout(TextView.java:6871)
at android.widget.TextView.setText(TextView.java:4057)
at android.widget.TextView.setText(TextView.java:3915)
at android.widget.TextView.setText(TextView.java:3890)
at com.dong.demo.MainActivity$1.run(MainActivity.java:44)
at java.lang.Thread.run(Thread.java:818)
不是说,子线程不能更新UI吗,为什么情形一可以正常运行,情形二不能正常运行呢;
子线程修改UI出现异常,与什么方法有关
首先从出现异常的log日志入手,发现出现异常的方法调用顺序如下:
TextView.setText(TextView.java:4057)
TextView.checkForRelayout(TextView.java:6871)
View.requestLayout(View.java:17476)
RelativeLayout.requestLayout(RelativeLayout.java:360)
View.requestLayout(View.java:17476)
ViewRootImpl.requestLayout(ViewRootImpl.java:874)
ViewRootImpl.checkThread(ViewRootImpl.java:6357)
更改ImageView时,出现的异常类似;
首先看TextView.setText()方法的源码
private void setText(CharSequence text, BufferType type, boolean notifyBefore, int oldlen) { //省略其他代码 if (mLayout != null) { checkForRelayout(); } sendOnTextChanged(text, 0, oldlen, textLength); onTextChanged(text, 0, oldlen, textLength); //省略其他代码
然后,查看以下checkForRelayout()方法的与源码。
private void checkForRelayout() { // If we have a fixed width, we can just swap in a new text layout // if the text height stays the same or if the view height is fixed. if ((mLayoutParams.width != LayoutParams.WRAP_CONTENT //省略代码 // We lose: the height has changed and we have a dynamic height. // Request a new view layout using our new text layout. requestLayout(); invalidate(); } else { // Dynamic width, so we have no choice but to request a new // view layout with a new text layout. nullLayouts(); requestLayout(); invalidate(); } }
checkForReLayout方法,首先会调用需要改变的View的requestLayout方法,然后执行invalidate()重绘操作;
TextView没有重写requestLayout方法,requestLayout方法由View实现;
查看RequestLayout方法的源码:
public void requestLayout() { //省略其他代码 if (mParent != null && !mParent.isLayoutRequested()) { mParent.requestLayout(); } if (mAttachInfo != null && mAttachInfo.mViewRequestingLayout == this) { mAttachInfo.mViewRequestingLayout = null; } }
View获取到父View(类型是ViewParent,ViewPaerent是个接口,requestLayout由子类来具体实现),mParent,然后调用父View的requestLayout方法,比如示例中的父View就是xml文件的根布局就是RelativeLayout。
@Override public void requestLayout() { super.requestLayout(); mDirtyHierarchy = true; }
继续跟踪super.requestLayout()方法,即ViewGroup没有重新,即调用的是View的requestLayout方法。
经过一系列的调用ViewParent的requestLayout方法,最终调用到ViewRootImp的requestLayout方法。ViewRootImp实现了ViewParent接口,继续查看ViewRootImp的requestLayout方法源码。
@Override public void requestLayout() { if (!mHandlingLayoutInLayoutRequest) { checkThread(); mLayoutRequested = true; scheduleTraversals(); } }
ViewRootImp的requestLayout方法中有两个方法:
一、checkThread,检查线程,源码如下
void checkThread() { if (mThread != Thread.currentThread()) { throw new CalledFromWrongThreadException( "Only the original thread that created a view hierarchy can touch its views."); } }
判断当前线程,是否是创建ViewRootImp的线程,而创建ViewRootImp的线程就是主线程,当前线程不是主线程的时候,就抛出异常。
二、scheduleTraversals(),查看源码:
void scheduleTraversals() { if (!mTraversalScheduled) { mTraversalScheduled = true; mTraversalBarrier = mHandler.getLooper().getQueue().postSyncBarrier(); mChoreographer.postCallback( Choreographer.CALLBACK_TRAVERSAL, mTraversalRunnable, null); if (!mUnbufferedInputDispatch) { scheduleConsumeBatchedInput(); } notifyRendererOfFramePending(); pokeDrawLockIfNeeded(); } }
查看mTraversalRunnable中run()方法的具体操作
final class TraversalRunnable implements Runnable { @Override public void run() { doTraversal(); } }
继续追踪doTraversal()方法
void doTraversal() { if (mTraversalScheduled) { mTraversalScheduled = false; mHandler.getLooper().getQueue().removeSyncBarrier(mTraversalBarrier); if (mProfile) { Debug.startMethodTracing("ViewAncestor"); } performTraversals(); if (mProfile) { Debug.stopMethodTracing(); mProfile = false; } } }
查看到performTraversals()方法,熟悉了吧,这是View绘制的起点。
总结一下:
1.Android更新UI会调用View的requestLayout()方法,在requestLayout方法中,获取ViewParent,然后调用ViewParent的requestLayout()方法,一直调用下去,直到调用到ViewRootImp的requestLayout方法;
2.ViewRootImp的requetLayout方法,主要有两部操作一个是checkThread()方法,检测线程,一个是scheduleTraversals,执行绘制相关工作;
情形3
@Override protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) { Log.i("Dong", "Activity: onCreate"); super.onCreate(savedInstanceState); setContentView(R.layout.activity_main); new Thread(new Runnable() { @Override public void run() { Looper.prepare(); try { Thread.sleep(5000); } catch (InterruptedException e) { e.printStackTrace(); } Toast.makeText(MainActivity.this, "显示Toast", Toast.LENGTH_LONG).show(); Looper.loop(); } }).start(); }
运行结果:正常
分析
下面从Toast源码进行分析:
public static Toast makeText(Context context, CharSequence text, @Duration int duration) { return makeText(context, null, text, duration); }
makeText方法调用了他的重载方法,继续追踪
public static Toast makeText(@NonNull Context context, @Nullable Looper looper, @NonNull CharSequence text, @Duration int duration) { Toast result = new Toast(context, looper); LayoutInflater inflate = (LayoutInflater) context.getSystemService(Context.LAYOUT_INFLATER_SERVICE); View v = inflate.inflate(com.android.internal.R.layout.transient_notification, null); TextView tv = (TextView)v.findViewById(com.android.internal.R.id.message); tv.setText(text); result.mNextView = v; result.mDuration = duration; return result; }
新建了一个Toast对象,然后对显示的布局、内容、时长进行了设置,并返回Toast对象。
继续查看new Toast()
的源码
public Toast(@NonNull Context context, @Nullable Looper looper) { mContext = context; mTN = new TN(context.getPackageName(), looper); mTN.mY = context.getResources().getDimensionPixelSize( com.android.internal.R.dimen.toast_y_offset); mTN.mGravity = context.getResources().getInteger( com.android.internal.R.integer.config_toastDefaultGravity); }
继续查看核心代码 mTN = new TN(context.getPackageName(), looper);
TN初始化的源码为:
TN(String packageName, @Nullable Looper looper) { //省略部分不相关代码 if (looper == null) { // 没有传入Looper对象的话,使用当前线程对应的Looper对象 looper = Looper.myLooper(); if (looper == null) { throw new RuntimeException( "Can't toast on a thread that has not called Looper.prepare()"); } } //初始化了Handler对象 mHandler = new Handler(looper, null) { @Override public void handleMessage(Message msg) { switch (msg.what) { case SHOW: { IBinder token = (IBinder) msg.obj; handleShow(token); break; } case HIDE: { handleHide(); // Don't do this in handleHide() because it is also invoked by // handleShow() mNextView = null; break; } case CANCEL: { handleHide(); // Don't do this in handleHide() because it is also invoked by // handleShow() mNextView = null; try { getService().cancelToast(mPackageName, TN.this); } catch (RemoteException e) { } break; } } } }; }
继续追踪handleShow(token)方法:
public void handleShow(IBinder windowToken) { //省略部分代码 if (mView != mNextView) { // remove the old view if necessary handleHide(); mView = mNextView; Context context = mView.getContext().getApplicationContext(); String packageName = mView.getContext().getOpPackageName(); if (context == null) { context = mView.getContext(); } mWM = (WindowManager)context.getSystemService(Context.WINDOW_SERVICE); /* ·*省略设置显示属性的代码 ·*/ if (mView.getParent() != null) { if (localLOGV) Log.v(TAG, "REMOVE! " + mView + " in " + this); mWM.removeView(mView); } = try { mWM.addView(mView, mParams); trySendAccessibilityEvent(); } catch (WindowManager.BadTokenException e) { /* ignore */ } } }
通过源码可以看出,Toast显示内容是通过mWM(WindowManager类型)的直接添加的,更正:mWm.addView 时,对应的ViewRootImp初始化发生在子线程,checkThread方法中的mThread != Thread.currentThread()
判断为true,所以不会抛出只能在主线程更新UI的异常。
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