下面讲讲关于通过amoeba工具实现配置MySQL读写分离的方法，文字的奥妙在于贴近主题相关。所以，闲话就不谈了，我们直接看下文吧，相信看完通过amoeba工具实现配置mysql读写分离的方法这篇文章你一定会有所受益。
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一，背景介绍：
Amoeba(变形虫)项目，专注 分布式数据库 proxy 开发。座落与Client、DB Server(s)之间。对客户端透明。具有负载均衡、高可用性、sql过滤、读写分离、可路由相关的query到目标数据库、可并发请求多台数据库合并结果。要想搭建Amoeba读写分离，首先需要知道MySQL的主从配置。具体的架构图如下图：
二，配置所需的环境：
Amoeba for mysql:192.168.1.28
Master : 192.168.1.247
Slave : 192.168.1.245
database:yazi passwd:root/123456
JDK1.8.0_51
三，具体的搭建和配置步骤如下：
1，配置mysql主从复制，具体参照上篇的mysql主从复制的配置
2，安装配置jdk1.8.0_51以及环境变量
（1），安装jdk命令: rpm -ivh jdk-8u51-linux-x64.rpm
[root@localhost install]# ll
total 481168
-rw-r--r--. 1 root root 8850470 Nov 2 22:43 apache-tomcat-7.0.63.tar.gz
-rw-r--r--. 1 root root 137808216 Jan 13 15:09 jdk-8u51-linux-x64.rpm
-rw-r--r--. 1 root root 33203321 Nov 20 11:31 mysql-5.6.25.tar.gz
-rw-r--r--. 1 root root 312845162 Nov 13 15:19 mysql-5.6.27-linux-glibc2.5-x86_64.tar.gz
[root@localhost install]# rpm -ivh jdk-8u51-linux-x64.rpm
Preparing... ########################################### [100%]
1:jdk1.8.0_51 ########################################### [100%]
Unpacking JAR files...
rt.jar...
jsse.jar...
charsets.jar...
tools.jar...
localedata.jar...
jfxrt.jar...
plugin.jar...
javaws.jar...
deploy.jar...
（2)配置环境变量：
[root@localhost install]# vi /etc/profile
# /etc/profile
# System wide environment and startup programs, for login setup
# Functions and aliases go in /etc/bashrc
# It's NOT a good idea to change this file unless you know what you
# are doing. It's much better to create a custom.sh shell script in
# /etc/profile.d/ to make custom changes to your environment, as this
# will prevent the need for merging in future updates.
pathmunge () {
case ":${PATH}:" in
*:"$1":*)
;;
*)
if [ "$2" = "after" ] ; then
PATH=$PATH:$1
else
PATH=$1:$PATH
fi
esac
}
if [ -x /usr/bin/id ]; then
if [ -z "$EUID" ]; then
# ksh workaround
EUID=`id -u`
UID=`id -ru`
fi
USER="`id -un`"
LOGNAME=$USER
MAIL="/var/spool/mail/$USER"
fi
# Path manipulation
if [ "$EUID" = "0" ]; then
pathmunge /sbin
pathmunge /usr/sbin
pathmunge /usr/local/sbin
else
pathmunge /usr/local/sbin after
pathmunge /usr/sbin after
pathmunge /sbin after
fi
HOSTNAME=`/bin/hostname 2>/dev/null`
HISTSIZE=1000
if [ "$HISTCONTROL" = "ignorespace" ] ; then
export HISTCONTROL=ignoreboth
else
export HISTCONTROL=ignoredups
fi
export PATH USER LOGNAME MAIL HOSTNAME HISTSIZE HISTCONTROL
# By default, we want umask to get set. This sets it for login shell
# Current threshold for system reserved uid/gids is 200
# You could check uidgid reservation validity in
# /usr/share/doc/setup-*/uidgid file
if [ $UID -gt 199 ] && [ "`id -gn`" = "`id -un`" ]; then
umask 002
else
umask 022
fi
for i in /etc/profile.d/*.sh ; do
if [ -r "$i" ]; then
if [ "${-#*i}" != "$-" ]; then
. "$i"
else
. "$i" >/dev/null 2>&1
fi
fi
done
unset i
unset -f pathmunge
export JAVA_HOME=/usr/java/jdk1.8.0_51
export JRE_HOME=/usr/java/jdk1.8.0_51/jre
export PATH=$JAVA_HOME/bin:$PATH
export CLASSPATH=.:$JAVA_HOME/lib/dt.jar:$JAVA_HOME/lib/tools.jar （3)配置生效和验证：
[root@FileServerA logs]# source /etc/profile
[root@FileServerA logs]# java -version
java version "1.8.0_51"
Java(TM) SE Runtime Environment (build 1.8.0_51-b16)
Java HotSpot(TM) 64-Bit Server VM (build 25.51-b03, mixed mode)
3，安装配置amoeba
（1）下载amoeba
(http://nchc.dl.sourceforge.net/project/amoeba/Amoeba%20for%20mysql/3.x/amoeba-mysql-3.0.5-RC-distribution.zip)
(2)压缩包无需安装，直接解压即可
[root@localhost install]# unzip amoeba-mysql-3.0.5-RC-distribution.zip
Archive: amoeba-mysql-3.0.5-RC-distribution.zip
creating: amoeba-mysql-3.0.5-RC/
creating: amoeba-mysql-3.0.5-RC/lib/
inflating: amoeba-mysql-3.0.5-RC/lib/amoeba-core-3.0.5-RC.jar
inflating: amoeba-mysql-3.0.5-RC/lib/log4j-1.2.12.jar
inflating: amoeba-mysql-3.0.5-RC/lib/commons-lang-2.4.jar
inflating: amoeba-mysql-3.0.5-RC/lib/commons-logging-1.1.1.jar
inflating: amoeba-mysql-3.0.5-RC/lib/commons-beanutils-1.8.0.jar
inflating: amoeba-mysql-3.0.5-RC/lib/commons-collections-3.2.1.jar
inflating: amoeba-mysql-3.0.5-RC/lib/ognl-3.0.1.jar
inflating: amoeba-mysql-3.0.5-RC/lib/javassist-3.11.0.GA.jar
inflating: amoeba-mysql-3.0.5-RC/lib/toolkit-common-pool-1.2.0.jar
inflating: amoeba-mysql-3.0.5-RC/lib/commons-pool-1.6.jar
inflating: amoeba-mysql-3.0.5-RC/lib/slf4j-api-1.6.1.jar
inflating: amoeba-mysql-3.0.5-RC/lib/slf4j-log4j12-1.6.2.jar
inflating: amoeba-mysql-3.0.5-RC/lib/toolkit-common-bean-1.3.0.jar
inflating: amoeba-mysql-3.0.5-RC/lib/toolkit-common-util-1.2.0.jar
inflating: amoeba-mysql-3.0.5-RC/lib/dom4j-1.6.1.jar
inflating: amoeba-mysql-3.0.5-RC/lib/xml-apis-1.0.b2.jar
inflating: amoeba-mysql-3.0.5-RC/lib/oro-2.0.8.jar
inflating: amoeba-mysql-3.0.5-RC/lib/commons-digester-1.8.jar
inflating: amoeba-mysql-3.0.5-RC/lib/toolkit-net-io-2.2.0.jar
inflating: amoeba-mysql-3.0.5-RC/lib/commons-cli-1.2.jar
inflating: amoeba-mysql-3.0.5-RC/lib/toolkit-common-runtime-1.3.0.jar
inflating: amoeba-mysql-3.0.5-RC/lib/spring-core-3.0.6.RELEASE.jar
inflating: amoeba-mysql-3.0.5-RC/lib/spring-asm-3.0.6.RELEASE.jar
inflating: amoeba-mysql-3.0.5-RC/lib/spring-context-3.0.6.RELEASE.jar
inflating: amoeba-mysql-3.0.5-RC/lib/spring-aop-3.0.6.RELEASE.jar
inflating: amoeba-mysql-3.0.5-RC/lib/aopalliance-1.0.jar
inflating: amoeba-mysql-3.0.5-RC/lib/spring-beans-3.0.6.RELEASE.jar
inflating: amoeba-mysql-3.0.5-RC/lib/spring-expression-3.0.6.RELEASE.jar
inflating: amoeba-mysql-3.0.5-RC/lib/plexus-classworlds-2.4.2-HEXNOVA.jar
inflating: amoeba-mysql-3.0.5-RC/lib/toolkit-net-benchmark-1.2.0.jar
inflating: amoeba-mysql-3.0.5-RC/lib/amoeba-mysql-3.0.5-RC.jar
creating: amoeba-mysql-3.0.5-RC/bin/
inflating: amoeba-mysql-3.0.5-RC/bin/benchmark
inflating: amoeba-mysql-3.0.5-RC/bin/launcher
inflating: amoeba-mysql-3.0.5-RC/bin/mkdirhier
inflating: amoeba-mysql-3.0.5-RC/bin/shutdown
inflating: amoeba-mysql-3.0.5-RC/bin/benchmark.bat
inflating: amoeba-mysql-3.0.5-RC/bin/launcher.bat
inflating: amoeba-mysql-3.0.5-RC/bin/benchmark.classpath
inflating: amoeba-mysql-3.0.5-RC/bin/launcher.classpath
creating: amoeba-mysql-3.0.5-RC/conf/
inflating: amoeba-mysql-3.0.5-RC/conf/access_list.conf
inflating: amoeba-mysql-3.0.5-RC/conf/amoeba.dtd
inflating: amoeba-mysql-3.0.5-RC/conf/amoeba.xml
inflating: amoeba-mysql-3.0.5-RC/conf/dbserver.dtd
inflating: amoeba-mysql-3.0.5-RC/conf/dbServers.xml
inflating: amoeba-mysql-3.0.5-RC/conf/function.dtd
inflating: amoeba-mysql-3.0.5-RC/conf/functionMap.xml
inflating: amoeba-mysql-3.0.5-RC/conf/log4j.dtd
inflating: amoeba-mysql-3.0.5-RC/conf/log4j.xml
inflating: amoeba-mysql-3.0.5-RC/conf/rule.dtd
inflating: amoeba-mysql-3.0.5-RC/conf/rule.xml
inflating: amoeba-mysql-3.0.5-RC/conf/ruleFunctionMap.xml
creating: amoeba-mysql-3.0.5-RC/benchmark/
inflating: amoeba-mysql-3.0.5-RC/benchmark/context.xml
inflating: amoeba-mysql-3.0.5-RC/benchmark/objectMap.dtd
inflating: amoeba-mysql-3.0.5-RC/benchmark/query.xml
inflating: amoeba-mysql-3.0.5-RC/jvm.properties
[root@localhost install]# mv amoeba-mysql-3.0.5-RC /usr/local/
（3）amoeba的配置文件详解：
amoeba.xml：定义前端的控制文件，包括前端的端口，用户名和密码
dbServers.xml：定义后端节点的配置文件。设置数据库，登录mysql的账号和密码
a,配置amoeba.xml文件
[root@FileServerA conf]# vim amoeba.xml
8066 //***端口号***//
128
64
root
123456
"amoeba.xml" 91L, 3099C 30,6-41 8%
8066 //设置其他的端口
128
64
lqb //***远程访问代理的用户名和密码***//
123456 //***用户名和密码***//
${amoeba.home}/conf/access_list.conf
128
500
utf8
60
com.meidusa.toolkit.net.AuthingableConnectionManager
${amoeba.home}/conf/dbServers.xml
${amoeba.home}/conf/rule.xml
${amoeba.home}/conf/ruleFunctionMap.xml
${amoeba.home}/conf/functionMap.xml
1500
master
master //***写的资源池***//
viplqb //***写的资源池***//
true
b,配置dbServers.xml文件
[root@FileServerA conf]# vim dbServers.xml
${defaultManager}
64
128
3306 //***设置mysql访问端口号***//
yazi //***设置mysql访问默认库***//
root //***登录mysql账号和密码***//
123456
500
500
1
600000
600000
true
true
true
//***设置master和ip地址***//
192.168.1.247
//***设置slave1和ip地址***//
//***如果有多个slave主机复制本配置到下边继续添加ip地址***//
192.168.1.245
1 //***采用轮询方式***//
slave1 //***所有从库的主机都要写上***//
（4）启动amoeba并查看是否有报错。
[root@FileServerA conf]# /usr/local/amoeba-mysql-3.0.5-RC/bin/launcher &
[1] 34774
[root@FileServerA conf]# log4j:WARN ip access config load completed from file:/usr/local/amoeba-mysql-3.0.5-RC/conf/access_list.conf
2016-07-04 13:46:11,874 INFO net.ServerableConnectionManager - Server listening on 0.0.0.0/0.0.0.0:8066.
Java HotSpot(TM) 64-Bit Server VM warning: ignoring option PermSize=16m; support was removed in 8.0
Java HotSpot(TM) 64-Bit Server VM warning: ignoring option MaxPermSize=96m; support was removed in 8.0
2016-07-04 13:47:53 [INFO] Project Name=Amoeba-MySQL, PID=32445 , starting...
log4j:WARN log4j config load completed from file:/usr/local/amoeba-mysql-3.0.5-RC/conf/log4j.xml
2016-07-04 13:47:53,604 INFO context.MysqlRuntimeContext - Amoeba for Mysql current versoin=5.1.45-mysql-amoeba-proxy-3.0.4-BETA
log4j:WARN ip access config load completed from file:/usr/local/amoeba-mysql-3.0.5-RC/conf/access_list.conf
2016-07-04 13:47:53,789 INFO net.ServerableConnectionManager - Server listening on 0.0.0.0/0.0.0.0:8066.
2016-07-04 14:22:55 [INFO] ignore signal:HUP
Java HotSpot(TM) 64-Bit Server VM warning: ignoring option PermSize=16m; support was removed in 8.0
Java HotSpot(TM) 64-Bit Server VM warning: ignoring option MaxPermSize=96m; support was removed in 8.0
2016-07-04 17:31:08 [INFO] Project Name=Amoeba-MySQL, PID=34779 , starting...
log4j:WARN log4j config load completed from file:/usr/local/amoeba-mysql-3.0.5-RC/conf/log4j.xml
2016-07-04 17:31:08,868 INFO context.MysqlRuntimeContext - Amoeba for Mysql current versoin=5.1.45-mysql-amoeba-proxy-3.0.4-BETA
log4j:WARN ip access config load completed from file:/usr/local/amoeba-mysql-3.0.5-RC/conf/access_list.conf
2016-07-04 17:31:09,128 INFO net.ServerableConnectionManager - Server listening on 0.0.0.0/0.0.0.0:8066.
(5)用其他的云服务器来进行登录：
[root@mysqlmaster ~]# mysql -ulqb -p -h292.168.1.28 -P8066
Enter password:
Welcome to the MySQL monitor. Commands end with ; or \g.
Your MySQL connection id is 965356058
Server version: 5.1.45-mysql-amoeba-proxy-3.0.4-BETA MySQL Community Server (GPL)
Copyright (c) 2000, 2015, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
Oracle is a registered trademark of Oracle Corporation and/or its
affiliates. Other names may be trademarks of their respective
owners.
Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement.
mysql> show databases;
+--------------------+
| Database |
+--------------------+
| information_schema |
| mysql |
| performance_schema |
| test |
| yazi |
+--------------------+
5 rows in set (0.01 sec)
mysql>
备注：当配置这个文件时amoeba.xml ，其他的主机通过代理就可以访问，如上说明amoeba.xml配置的没有问题。
（6）验证读写分离，这个需要配置dbServers.xml这个文件了，接下来即为验证读写分离。
（a)在没停掉同步之前在主库247上创建一张表；
mysql> use yazi;
Reading table information for completion of table and column names
You can turn off this feature to get a quicker startup with -A
Database changed
mysql> show tables;
+----------------+
| Tables_in_yazi |
+----------------+
| sxit |
| test |
+----------------+
2 rows in set (0.00 sec)
mysql> create table lqb (id int(10) ,name varchar(10),address varchar(20));
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.02 sec)
(b)在从库245上查看，并在slave上停止同步：
mysql> use yazi;
Database changed
mysql> show tables;
+----------------+
| Tables_in_yazi |
+----------------+
| lqb |
| sxit |
| test |
+----------------+
3 rows in set (0.00 sec)
mysql> stop slave
-> ;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)
（c)在主从上各插入一条不同的数据
在主库上插入（1，'zhangsan','master');
在从库上插入（2，’lisi','slave);
在主库上执行以下操作：
mysql> insert into lqb values(1,'zhangsan','master');
Query OK, 1 row affected (0.00 sec)
mysql> select * from lqb;
+------+----------+---------+
| id | name | address |
+------+----------+---------+
| 1 | zhangsan | master |
+------+----------+---------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)
在从库上执行以下操作：
mysql> insert into lqb values(2,'zhangsan','slave');
Query OK, 1 row affected (0.00 sec)
mysql> select * from lqb;
+------+----------+---------+
| id | name | address |
+------+----------+---------+
| 2 | zhangsan | slave |
+------+----------+---------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)
（d)登录amoeba云服务器查看读操作：显示的是245slave云服务器
mysql> select * from lqb;
+------+----------+---------+
| id | name | address |
+------+----------+---------+
| 2 | zhangsan | slave |
+------+----------+---------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)
（e）在amoeba云服务器上测试以下写操作，查看还是245从库上的数据。
mysql> insert into lqb values(3,'wanger','test_write');
Query OK, 1 row affected (0.00 sec)
mysql> select * from lqb;
+------+----------+---------+
| id | name | address |
+------+----------+---------+
| 2 | zhangsan | slave |
+------+----------+---------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)
在主库247上查询，可以看到已插入进来了
mysql> select * from lqb;
+------+----------+------------+
| id | name | address |
+------+----------+------------+
| 1 | zhangsan | master |
| 3 | wanger | test_write |
+------+----------+------------+
2 rows in set (0.00 sec)
在从库上245查询，还是刚才查询
mysql> select * from lqb;
+------+----------+---------+
| id | name | address |
+------+----------+---------+
| 2 | zhangsan | slave |
+------+----------+---------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)
至此，数据库读写分离已经配置完成，在正式生产环境中，需将读写主机的定义更改，因为数据库用的最多的还是读的操作。我们可以将读或查询交给从来处理，同样的，我们也可以添加多个从主机。让其自动从不同的从主机上读取数据库。
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