公司的产品一直运行在云服务器上,从而有幸接触过aws的ec2,盛大的云服务器,最近准备有使用阿里云的弹性计算(云服务器)。前两种云服务器在安全策略这块做的比较好,提供简单明了的配置界面,而且给了默认的安全策略,反观阿里云服务器,安全策略需要自己去配置,甚至centos机器上都没有预装iptables(起码我们申请两台上都没有),算好可以使用yum来安装,安装命令如下:成都服务器托管
1 | yum install -y iptables |
iptables安装好后就可以来配置规则了。由于作为web服务器来使用,所以对外要开放 80 端口,另外肯定要通过ssh进行服务器管理,22 端口也要对外开放,当然最好是把ssh服务的默认端口改掉,在公网上会有很多人试图破解密码的,如果修改端口,记得要把该端口对外开发,否则连不上就悲剧了。下面提供配置规则的详细说明:成都服务器托管
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 | 第一步:清空所有规则 当Chain INPUT (policy DROP)时执行 /sbin/iptables -F后,你将和服务器断开连接 所有在清空所有规则前把policy DROP该为INPUT,防止悲剧发生,小心小心再小心 /sbin/iptables -P INPUT ACCEPT 清空所有规则 /sbin/iptables -F /sbin/iptables -X 计数器置0 /sbin/iptables -Z 第二步:设置规则 允许来自于lo接口的数据包,如果没有此规则,你将不能通过127.0.0.1访问本地服务,例如 ping 127.0.0.1 /sbin/iptables -A INPUT -i lo -j ACCEPT 开放TCP协议22端口,以便能 ssh ,如果你是在有固定ip的场所,可以使用 -s 来限定客户端的ip /sbin/iptables -A INPUT -p tcp --dport 22 -j ACCEPT 开放TCP协议80端口供web服务 /sbin/iptables -A INPUT -p tcp --dport 80 -j ACCEPT 10.241.121.15是另外一台服务器的内网ip,由于之间有通信,接受所有来自10.241.121.15的TCP请求 /sbin/iptables -A INPUT -p tcp -s 10.241.121.15 -j ACCEPT 接受 ping /sbin/iptables -A INPUT -p icmp -m icmp --icmp- type 8 -j ACCEPT 这条规则参看:http: //www .netingcn.com /iptables-localhost-not-access-internet .html /sbin/iptables -A INPUT -m state --state ESTABLISHED -j ACCEPT 屏蔽上述规则以为的所有请求,不可缺少,否则防火墙没有任何过滤的功能 /sbin/iptables -P INPUT DROP 可以使用 iptables -L -n 查看规则是否生效 |
至此防火墙就算配置好,但是这是临时的,当重启iptables或重启机器,上述配置就会被清空,要想永久生效,还需要如下操作:成都服务器托管
1 2 3 4 5 | /etc/init .d /iptables save 或 service iptables save 执行上述命令可以在文件 /etc/sysconfig/iptables 中看到配置 |
以下提供一个干净的配置脚本:成都服务器托管
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 | /sbin/iptables -P INPUT ACCEPT /sbin/iptables -F /sbin/iptables -X /sbin/iptables -Z /sbin/iptables -A INPUT -i lo -j ACCEPT /sbin/iptables -A INPUT -p tcp --dport 22 -j ACCEPT /sbin/iptables -A INPUT -p tcp --dport 80 -j ACCEPT /sbin/iptables -A INPUT -p tcp -s 10.241.121.15 -j ACCEPT /sbin/iptables -A INPUT -p icmp -m icmp --icmp- type 8 -j ACCEPT /sbin/iptables -A INPUT -m state --state ESTABLISHED -j ACCEPT /sbin/iptables -P INPUT DROP |
最后执行 service iptables save ,先确保ssh连接没有问题,防止规则错误,导致无法连上服务器,因为没有save,重启服务器规则都失效,否则就只有去机房才能修改规则了。也可以参考:ubuntu iptables 配置脚本来写一个脚本。
最后再次提醒,在清空规则之前一定要小心,确保Chain INPUT (policy ACCEPT)。
服务器之家补充阿里云的linux_drop_port.sh
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54 55 56 57 58 59 60 61 62 63 64 65 66 67 68 69 70 71 72 73 74 75 76 77 78 79 80 81 82 83 84 85 86 87 88 89 90 91 92 93 94 95 96 97 98 99 100 101 102 103 104 105 106 107 108 109 110 111 112 113 114 115 116 117 118 119 120 121 122 123 124 125 126 127 128 129 130 131 132 133 134 135 136 137 138 139 140 141 142 143 144 145 146 147 148 149 150 151 152 153 154 155 156 157 158 159 160 161 162 163 164 165 166 167 168 169 170 171 172 173 174 175 176 177 178 179 180 181 182 183 184 185 186 187 188 189 190 191 192 193 194 195 196 197 | #!/bin/bash ######################################### #Function: linux drop port #Usage: bash linux_drop_port.sh #Author: Customer Service Department #Company: Alibaba Cloud Computing #Version: 2.0 ######################################### check_os_release() { while true do os_release=$( grep "Red Hat Enterprise Linux Server release" /etc/issue 2> /dev/null ) os_release_2=$( grep "Red Hat Enterprise Linux Server release" /etc/redhat-release 2> /dev/null ) if [ "$os_release" ] && [ "$os_release_2" ] then if echo "$os_release" | grep "release 5" > /dev/null2 >&1 then os_release=redhat5 echo "$os_release" elif echo "$os_release" | grep "release 6" > /dev/null 2>&1 then os_release=redhat6 echo "$os_release" else os_release= "" echo "$os_release" fi break fi os_release=$( grep "Aliyun Linux release" /etc/issue2 > /dev/null ) os_release_2=$( grep "Aliyun Linux release" /etc/aliyun-release2 > /dev/null ) if [ "$os_release" ] && [ "$os_release_2" ] then if echo "$os_release" | grep "release 5" > /dev/null2 >&1 then os_release=aliyun5 echo "$os_release" elif echo "$os_release" | grep "release 6" > /dev/null 2>&1 then os_release=aliyun6 echo "$os_release" else os_release= "" echo "$os_release" fi break fi os_release=$( grep "CentOS release" /etc/issue 2> /dev/null ) os_release_2=$( grep "CentOS release" /etc/ *release2> /dev/null ) if [ "$os_release" ] && [ "$os_release_2" ] then if echo "$os_release" | grep "release 5" > /dev/null2 >&1 then os_release=centos5 echo "$os_release" elif echo "$os_release" | grep "release 6" > /dev/null 2>&1 then os_release=centos6 echo "$os_release" else os_release= "" echo "$os_release" fi break fi os_release=$( grep -i "ubuntu" /etc/issue 2> /dev/null ) os_release_2=$( grep -i "ubuntu" /etc/lsb-release2 > /dev/null ) if [ "$os_release" ] && [ "$os_release_2" ] then if echo "$os_release" | grep "Ubuntu 10" > /dev/null2 >&1 then os_release=ubuntu10 echo "$os_release" elif echo "$os_release" | grep "Ubuntu 12.04" > /dev/null 2>&1 then os_release=ubuntu1204 echo "$os_release" elif echo "$os_release" | grep "Ubuntu 12.10" > /dev/null 2>&1 then os_release=ubuntu1210 echo "$os_release" else os_release= "" echo "$os_release" fi break fi os_release=$( grep -i "debian" /etc/issue 2> /dev/null ) os_release_2=$( grep -i "debian" /proc/version 2> /dev/null ) if [ "$os_release" ] && [ "$os_release_2" ] then if echo "$os_release" | grep "Linux 6" > /dev/null2 >&1 then os_release=debian6 echo "$os_release" else os_release= "" echo "$os_release" fi break fi os_release=$( grep "openSUSE" /etc/issue 2> /dev/null ) os_release_2=$( grep "openSUSE" /etc/ *release 2> /dev/null ) if [ "$os_release" ] && [ "$os_release_2" ] then if echo "$os_release" | grep "13.1" > /dev/null 2>&1 then os_release=opensuse131 echo "$os_release" else os_release= "" echo "$os_release" fi break fi break done } exit_script() { echo -e "\033[1;40;31mInstall $1 error,will exit.\n\033[0m" rm -f $LOCKfile exit 1 } config_iptables() { iptables -I OUTPUT 1 -p tcp -m multiport --dport21,22,23,25,53,80,135,139,443,445 -j DROP iptables -I OUTPUT 2 -p tcp -m multiport --dport 1433,1314,1521,2222,3306,3433,3389,4899,8080,18186-j DROP iptables -I OUTPUT 3 -p udp -j DROP iptables -nvL } ubuntu_config_ufw() { ufwdeny out proto tcp to any port 21,22,23,25,53,80,135,139,443,445 ufwdeny out proto tcp to any port 1433,1314,1521,2222,3306,3433,3389,4899,8080,18186 ufwdeny out proto udp to any ufwstatus } ####################Start################### #check lock file ,one time only let thescript run one time LOCKfile= /tmp/ .$( basename $0) if [ -f "$LOCKfile" ] then echo -e "\033[1;40;31mThe script is already exist,please next timeto run this script.\n\033[0m" exit else echo -e "\033[40;32mStep 1.No lock file,begin to create lock fileand continue.\n\033[40;37m" touch $LOCKfile fi #check user if [ $( id -u) != "0" ] then echo -e "\033[1;40;31mError: You must be root to run this script,please use root to execute this script.\n\033[0m" rm -f $LOCKfile exit 1 fi echo -e "\033[40;32mStep 2.Begen tocheck the OS issue.\n\033[40;37m" os_release=$(check_os_release) if [ "X$os_release" == "X" ] then echo -e "\033[1;40;31mThe OS does not identify,So this script isnot executede.\n\033[0m" rm -f $LOCKfile exit 0
分享题目:阿里云linux服务器上使用iptables设置安全策略的方法
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