本篇内容主要讲解“提升开发效率的Java命令行技巧有哪些”，感兴趣的朋友不妨来看看。本文介绍的方法操作简单快捷，实用性强。下面就让小编来带大家学习“提升开发效率的Java命令行技巧有哪些”吧!
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Mac 环境
Shell 基础命令
which/whereis， 常用 whatis， man， --help
➜ .oh-my-zsh git:(master)$ whereis ls /bin/ls➜ .oh-my-zsh git:(master)$ which ls ls: aliased to ls -G
基本文件目录操作
rm， mkdir， mv， cp， cd， ls， ln， file， stat， wc(-l/w/c)， head， more， tail， cat...
利器 管道: |
Shell 文本处理
这里就是通过案例讲了一下12个命令的大致用法和参数，可以通过点击右边的目录(我博客有目录，公众号上木有)直达你想要了解的命令。
find, grep, xargs, cut, paste, comm join, sort, uniq, tr, sed, awk
find
示例
find ./ -name "*.json" find . -maxdepth 7 -name "*.json" -type f find . -name "*.log.gz" -ctime +7 -size +1M -delete (atime/ctime/mtime) find . -name "*.scala" -atime -7 -exec du -h {} \;grep
示例
grep 'partner' ./*.scala -l grep -e 'World' -e 'first' -i -R ./ (-e: or)
相关命令: grep -z / zgrep / zcat xx | grep
xargs
示例
echo "helloworldhellp" | cut -c1-10 cut -d， -f2-8 csu.db.export.csv
cut
示例
echo "helloworldhellp" | cut -c1-10cut -d， -f2-8 csu.db.export.csv
paste
示例
➜ Documents$ cat file1 1 11 2 22 3 33 4 44 ➜ Documents$ cat file2 one 1 two 2 three 3 one1 4 ➜ Documents$ paste -d, file1 file2 1 11, one 1 2 22, two 2 3 33, three 3 4 44, one1 4 ➜ Documents$ paste -s -d: file1 file2 a 11:b bb:3 33:4 44 one 1:two 2:three 3:one1 4
join
类似sql中的 ...inner join ...on ...， -t 分隔符，默认为空格或tab
➜ Documents$ cat j1 1 11 2 22 3 33 4 44 5 55 ➜ Documents$ cat j2 one 1 0 one 2 1 two 4 2 three 5 3 one1 5 4 ➜ Documents$ join -1 1 -2 3 j1 j2 1 11 one 2 2 22 two 4 3 33 three 5 4 44 one1 5
comm
示例
➜ Documents$ seq 1 5 >file11 ➜ Documents$ seq 2 6 >file22 ➜ Documents$ cat file11 1 2 3 4 5 ➜ Documents$ cat file22 2 3 4 5 6 ➜ Documents$ comm file11 file22 1 2 3 4 5 6 ➜ Documents$ comm -1 file11 file22 2 3 4 5 6 ➜ Documents$ comm -2 file11 file22 1 2 3 4 5 ➜ Documents$ comm -23 file11 file22 1
相关命令 diff(类似git diff)
sort
示例
➜ Documents$ cat file2 one 1 two 2 three 3 one1 4 ➜ Documents$ sort file2one 1 one1 4 three 3 two 2 ➜ Documents$ sort -b -k2 -r file2one1 4 three 3 two 2 one 1
uniq
常用参数
-c 重复次数
-d 重复的
-u 没重复的
-f 忽略前几列
示例
➜ Documents$ cat file4 11 22 33 11 11 ➜ Documents$ sort file4 | uniq -c 3 11 1 22 1 33 ➜ Documents$ sort file4 | uniq -d 11 ➜ Documents$ sort file4 | uniq -u 22 33 ➜ Documents$ cat file3 one 1 two 1 three 3 one1 4 ➜ Documents$ uniq -c -f 1 file3 2 one 1 1 three 3 1 one1 4
注意：uniq比较相邻的是否重复，一般与sort联用
tr
示例
➜ Documents$ echo '1111234444533hello' | tr '[1-3]' '[a-c]' aaaabc44445cchello➜ Documents$ echo '1111234444533hello' | tr -d '[1-3]' 44445hello➜ Documents$ echo '1111234444533hello' | tr -dc '[1-3]' 11112333➜ Documents$ echo '1111234444533hello' | tr -s '[0-9]' 123453hello➜ Documents$ echo 'helloworld' | tr '[:lower:]' '[:upper:]' HELLOWORLD
sed
常用参数
-d 删除
-s 替换， g 全局
-e 多个命令叠加
-i 修改原文件(Mac下加参数 ""，备份)
示例
➜ Documents$ cat file2 one 1 two 2 three 3 one1 4 ➜ Documents$ sed "2,3d" file2 one 1 one1 4 ➜ Documents$ sed '/one/d' file2 two 2 three 3 ➜ Documents$ sed 's/one/111/g' file2 111 1 two 2 three 3 1111 4 #将one替换成111 并将含有two的行删除 ➜ Documents$ sed -e 's/one/111/g' -e '/two/d' file2 111 1 three 3 1111 4 # ()标记(转义), \1 引用 ➜ Documents$ sed 's/\([0-9]\)/\1.html/g' file2 one 1.html two 2.html three 3.html one1.html 4.html # 与上面一样 & 标记匹配的字符➜ Documents$ sed 's/[0-9]/&.html/g' file2 one 1.html two 2.html three 3.html one1.html 4.html ➜ Documents$ cat mobile.csv"13090246026" "18020278026" "18520261021" "13110221022" ➜ Documents$ sed 's/\([0-9]\{3\}\)[0-9]\{4\}/\1xxxx/g' mobile.csv "130xxxx6026" "180xxxx8026" "185xxxx1021" "131xxxx1022"awk
基本参数和语法
NR 行号， NF 列数量
$1 第1列， $2, $3...
-F fs fs分隔符，字符串或正则
语法: awk 'BEGIN{ commands } pattern{ commands } END{ commands }'， 流程如下:
示例
➜ Documents$ cat file5 11 11 aa cc 22 22 bb 33 33 d 11 11 11 11 #行号， 列数量， 第3列 ➜ Documents$ awk '{print NR"("NF"):"， $3}' file5 1(4): aa 2(3): bb 3(3): d 4(2): 5(2): #字符串分割， 打印1，2列 ➜ Documents$ awk -F"xxxx" '{print $1， $2}' mobile.csv "130 6026" "180 8026" "185 1021" "131 1022" #添加表达式➜ Documents$ awk '$1>=22 {print NR":"， $3}' file5 2: bb3: d#累加1到36，奇数，偶数 ➜ Documents$ seq 36 | awk 'BEGIN{sum=0; print "question:"} {print $1" +"; sum+=$1} END{print "="; print sum}' | xargs | sed 's/+ =/=/' question: 1 + 2 + 3 + 4 + 5 + 6 + 7 + 8 + 9 + 10 + 11 + 12 + 13 + 14 + 15 + 16 + 17 + 18 + 19 + 20 + 21 + 22 + 23 + 24 + 25 + 26 + 27 + 28 + 29 + 30 + 31 + 32 + 33 + 34 + 35 + 36 = 666 ➜ Documents$ seq 36 | awk 'BEGIN{sum=0; print "question:"} $1 % 2 ==1 {print $1" +"; sum+=$1} END{print "="; print sum}' | xargs | sed 's/+ =/=/' question: 1 + 3 + 5 + 7 + 9 + 11 + 13 + 15 + 17 + 19 + 21 + 23 + 25 + 27 + 29 + 31 + 33 + 35 = 324 ➜ Documents$ seq 36 | awk 'BEGIN{sum=0; print "question:"} $1 % 2 !=1 {print $1" +"; sum+=$1} END{print "="; print sum}' | xargs | sed 's/+ =/=/' question: 2 + 4 + 6 + 8 + 10 + 12 + 14 + 16 + 18 + 20 + 22 + 24 + 26 + 28 + 30 + 32 + 34 + 36 = 342其他高级语法：for, while 等， 各种函数等，本身awk是一个强大的语言，可以掌握一些基本的用法。
实际应用
日志统计分析
例如拿到一个nginx日志文件，可以做很多事情，比如看哪些请求是耗时最久的进而进行优化，比如看每小时的"PV"数 等等。
➜ Documents$ head -n5 std.nginx.log 106.38.187.225 - - [20/Feb/2017:03:31:01 +0800] www.tanglei.name "GET /baike/208344.html HTTP/1.0" 301 486 "-" "Mozilla/5.0 (compatible; MSIE 7.0; Windows NT 5.1; .NET CLR 1.1.4322) 360JK yunjiankong 975382" "106.38.187.225, 106.38.187.225" - 0.000 106.38.187.225 - - [20/Feb/2017:03:31:02 +0800] www.tanglei.name "GET /baike/208344.html HTTP/1.0" 301 486 "-" "Mozilla/5.0 (compatible; MSIE 7.0; Windows NT 5.1; .NET CLR 1.1.4322) 360JK yunjiankong 975382" "106.38.187.225, 106.38.187.225" - 0.000 10.130.64.143 - - [20/Feb/2017:03:31:02 +0800] stdbaike.bdp.cc "POST /baike/wp-cron.php?doing_wp_cron=1487532662.2058920860290527343750 HTTP/1.1" 200 182 "-" "WordPress/4.5.6; http://www.tanglei.name/baike" "10.130.64.143" 0.205 0.205 10.130.64.143 - - [20/Feb/2017:03:31:02 +0800] www.tanglei.name "GET /external/api/login-status HTTP/1.0" 200 478 "-" "-" "10.130.64.143" 0.003 0.004 10.130.64.143 - - [20/Feb/2017:03:31:02 +0800] www.tanglei.name "GET /content_util/authorcontents?count=5&offset=0&israndom=1&author=9 HTTP/1.0" 200 11972 "-" "-" "10.130.64.143" 0.013 0.013
上面是nginx的一个案例， 例如希望找到top 10 请求的path:
head -n 10000 std.nginx.log | awk '{print $8 ", " $10}' | grep ',404' | sort | uniq -c | sort -nr -k1 | head -n 10 #orhead -n 10000 std.nginx.log | awk '$10==404 {print $8}' |sort | uniq -c | sort -nr -k1 | head -n 10当然，你可能一次不会直接处理成功，一般会先少拿一部分数据进行处理看逻辑是否正常， 或者你可以缓存一些中间结果.
cat std.nginx.log | awk '{print $8 "," $10}' | grep ',404' >404.log sort 404.log | uniq -c | sort -nr -k1 | head -n 10再比如每小时请求数量，请求耗时等等
➜ Documents$ head -n 100000 std.nginx.log | awk -F: '{print $1 $2}' | cut -f3 -d/ | uniq -c 8237 201703 15051 201704 16083 201705 18561 201706 22723 201707 19345 201708其他实际案例 ip block
案例: db数据订正
背景: 因为某服务bug，导致插入到db的图片路径不对，需要将形如(安全需要已经将敏感数据替换) https://www.tanglei.name/upload/photos/129630//internal-public/shangtongdai/2017-02-19-abcdefg-eb85-4c24-883e-hijklmn.jpg 替换成 http://www.tanglei.me/internal-public/shangtongdai/2017-02-19-abcdefg-eb85-4c24-883e-hijklmn.jpg，因为MySQL等db貌似不支持直接正则的替换，所以不能够很方便的进行写sql进行替换(就算支持，直接改也有风险的，还是先备份再修改留个“后悔药”)。
当然将数据导出，然后写 python 等脚本处理也是一种解决方案，但如果用上面的命令行处理，只需要几十秒即可完成。
步骤:
select id, photo_url_1, photo_url_2, photo_url_3 from somedb.sometable where photo_url_1 like 'https://www.tanglei.name/upload/photos/%//internal-public/%' or photo_url_2 like 'https://www.tanglei.name/upload/photos/%//internal-public/%' or photo_url_3 like 'https://www.tanglei.name/upload/photos/%//internal-public/%';
#测试是否OK head -n 5 customers.csv | sed 's|https://www.tanglei.name/upload/photos/[0-9]\{1,\}/|http://www.tanglei.me|g' # 直接替换原文件， 可以sed -i ".bak" 替换时保留原始备份文件 sed -i "" 's|https://www.tanglei.name/upload/photos/[0-9]\{1,\}/|http://www.tanglei.me|g' customers.csvawk -F， '{print "update sometable set photo_url_1 = " $2, ", photo_url_2 = " $3, ", photo_url_3 = " $4, " where id = " $1 ";" }' customers.csv > customer.sql #然后执行sql 即可其他
老方式: 需要启play环境，慢。新方式直接命令行解决。
sbt "project site" consoleQuick import play.api.libs._val sec = "secret...secret" var uid = "10086" Crypto.sign(s"uid=$uid"， sec.getBytes("UTF-8")) + s"-uid=$uid" ➜ Documents$ ~/stdcookie.sh 97522 918xxxxdf64abcfcxxxxc465xx7554dxxxx21e-uid=97522 ➜ Documents$ cat ~/stdcookie.sh#!/bin/bash ## cannot remove this line uid=$1 hash=`echo -n "uid=$uid" | openssl dgst -sha1 -hmac "secret...secret"` echo "$hash-uid=$uid"统计文章单词频率: 下面案例统计了川普就职演讲原文中词频最高的10个词。
➜ Documents$ head -n3 chuanpu.txt Chief Justice Roberts， President Carter， President Clinton， President Bush， President Obama， fellow Americans and people of the world， thank you. We， the citizens of America， are now joined in a great national effort to rebuild our country and restore its promise for all of our people. Together we will determine the course of America and the world for many， many years to come. ➜ Documents$ cat chuanpu.txt | tr -dc 'a-zA-Z ' | xargs -n 1 | sort | uniq -c | sort -nr -k1 | head -n 20 65 the 63 and 48 of 46 our 42 will 37 to 21 We 20 is 18 we 17 America 15 a 14 all 13 in 13 for 13 be 13 are 10 your 10 not 10 And 10 American
➜ Documents$ cat /dev/urandom | LC_CTYPE=C tr -dc 'a-zA-Z0-9' | fold -w 32 | head -n 5 cpBnvC0niwTybSSJhUUiZwIz6ykJxBvu VDP56NlHnugAt2yDySAB9HU2Nd0LlYCW 0WEDzpjPop32T5STvR6K6SfZMyT6KvAI a9xBwBat7tJVaad279fOPdA9fEuDEqUd hTLrOiTH5FNP2nU3uflsjPUXJmfleI5c ➜ Documents$ cat /dev/urandom | head -c32 | base64 WoCqUye9mSXI/WhHODHDjzLaSb09xrOtbrJagG7Kfqc=
➜ linux-shell-more-effiency$ sips -g all which-whereis.png /Users/tanglei/Documents/linux-shell-more-effiency/which-whereis.png pixelWidth: 280 pixelHeight: 81 typeIdentifier: public.png format: png formatOptions: default dpiWidth: 72.000 dpiHeight: 72.000 samplesPerPixel: 4 bitsPerSample: 8 hasAlpha: yes space: RGB profile: DELL U2412M➜ linux-shell-more-effiency$ sips -Z 250 which-whereis.png /Users/tanglei/Documents/linux-shell-more-effiency/which-whereis.png /Users/tanglei/Documents/linux-shell-more-effiency/which-whereis.png ➜ linux-shell-more-effiency$ sips -g all which-whereis.png /Users/tanglei/Documents/linux-shell-more-effiency/which-whereis.png pixelWidth: 250 pixelHeight: 72 typeIdentifier: public.png format: png formatOptions: default dpiWidth: 72.000 dpiHeight: 72.000 samplesPerPixel: 4 bitsPerSample: 8 hasAlpha: yes space: RGB profile: DELL U2412M➜ linux-shell-more-effiency$ sips -z 100 30 which-whereis.png /Users/tanglei/Documents/linux-shell-more-effiency/which-whereis.png /Users/tanglei/Documents/linux-shell-more-effiency/which-whereis.png ➜ linux-shell-more-effiency$ sips -g pixelWidth -g pixelHeight which-whereis.png /Users/tanglei/Documents/linux-shell-more-effiency/which-whereis.png pixelWidth: 30 pixelHeight: 100
到此，相信大家对“提升开发效率的Java命令行技巧有哪些”有了更深的了解，不妨来实际操作一番吧！这里是创新互联网站，更多相关内容可以进入相关频道进行查询，关注我们，继续学习！
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