“rhel6-x86_64”使用CentOSyum源

产生这个文档，是因为在家里的虚拟机（32位）上，RHEL6环境yum安装MySQL非常不顺利。在公司的64位一体机上，打算在虚拟机上再试一次。没想到，寻找RHEL6的yum源配置文件，反而成了麻烦。

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从昨天中午到下午4点，包括这篇文档的雏形才算基本完成。找了不少网络资料，太多不靠谱。我是根据文中的提到的2篇“参考资料”才完成的。

yum配置，从2011年秋天学RHCE的时候，就一直是我的痛点。现在，通过光盘挂载配置yum源应该没有问题。但是，通过Internet配置yum……虽然反复折腾多次，但好像没有太多的进步。

把这篇文档整理出来，希望在日后再遇到类似的问题，可以照猫画虎，先把问题解决再说。

1.删除redhat原有的

[root@nagios ~]# yum rpm -aq|grep yum|xargs rpm -e --nodeps
Command line error: no such option: -a
error: package Usage: is not installed
error: package [options] is not installed
error: package COMMAND is not installed
error: package shell is not installed
error: package Run is not installed
error: package an is not installed
error: package interactive is not installed
error: package shell is not installed

2.下载yum安装文件

注意：最好自己到镜像站点（如：http://mirrors.163.com/centos/6/os/x86_64/）找相应的包，这里列出来的包名称，过段时间可能会过时。

[root@nagios ~]# wget http://mirrors.163.com/centos/6/os/x86_64/Packages/yum-3.2.29-40.el6.centos.noarch.rpm
--2014-09-04 22:46:55--  http://mirrors.163.com/centos/6/os/x86_64/Packages/yum-3.2.29-40.el6.centos.noarch.rpm
正在解析主机 mirrors.163.com... 123.58.173.106
正在连接 mirrors.163.com|123.58.173.106|:80... 已连接。
已发出 HTTP 请求，正在等待回应... 200 OK
长度：1019540 (996K) [application/x-redhat-package-manager]
正在保存至: “yum-3.2.29-40.el6.centos.noarch.rpm”

100%[==========================================================================================================================================================>] 1,019,540   1.43M/s   in 0.7s    

2014-09-04 22:46:57 (1.43 MB/s) - 已保存 “yum-3.2.29-40.el6.centos.noarch.rpm” [1019540/1019540])

[root@nagios ~]# wget http://mirrors.163.com/centos/6/os/x86_64/Packages/yum-metadata-parser-1.1.2-16.el6.x86_64.rpm
--2014-09-04 22:47:20--  http://mirrors.163.com/centos/6/os/x86_64/Packages/yum-metadata-parser-1.1.2-16.el6.x86_64.rpm
正在解析主机 mirrors.163.com... 123.58.173.106
正在连接 mirrors.163.com|123.58.173.106|:80... 已连接。
已发出 HTTP 请求，正在等待回应... 200 OK
长度：27224 (27K) [application/x-redhat-package-manager]
正在保存至: “yum-metadata-parser-1.1.2-16.el6.x86_64.rpm”

100%[==========================================================================================================================================================>] 27,224      --.-K/s   in 0.08s   

2014-09-04 22:47:20 (343 KB/s) - 已保存 “yum-metadata-parser-1.1.2-16.el6.x86_64.rpm” [27224/27224])

[root@nagios ~]# wget http://mirrors.163.com/centos/6/os/x86_64/Packages/yum-plugin-fastestmirror-1.1.30-14.el6.noarch.rpm
--2014-09-04 22:48:15--  http://mirrors.163.com/centos/6/os/x86_64/Packages/yum-plugin-fastestmirror-1.1.30-14.el6.noarch.rpm
正在解析主机 mirrors.163.com... 123.58.173.106
正在连接 mirrors.163.com|123.58.173.106|:80... 已连接。
已发出 HTTP 请求，正在等待回应... 200 OK
长度：28220 (28K) [application/x-redhat-package-manager]
正在保存至: “yum-plugin-fastestmirror-1.1.30-14.el6.noarch.rpm”

100%[==========================================================================================================================================================>] 28,220      --.-K/s   in 0.05s   

2014-09-04 22:48:15 (611 KB/s) - 已保存 “yum-plugin-fastestmirror-1.1.30-14.el6.noarch.rpm” [28220/28220])

[root@nagios ~]# wget http://mirrors.163.com/centos/6/os/x86_64/Packages/python-iniparse-0.3.1-2.1.el6.noarch.rpm
--2014-09-04 22:49:42--  http://mirrors.163.com/centos/6/os/x86_64/Packages/python-iniparse-0.3.1-2.1.el6.noarch.rpm
正在解析主机 mirrors.163.com... 123.58.173.106
正在连接 mirrors.163.com|123.58.173.106|:80... 已连接。
已发出 HTTP 请求，正在等待回应... 200 OK
长度：37052 (36K) [application/x-redhat-package-manager]
正在保存至: “python-iniparse-0.3.1-2.1.el6.noarch.rpm”

100%[==========================================================================================================================================================>] 37,052      88.7K/s   in 0.4s    

2014-09-04 22:49:43 (88.7 KB/s) - 已保存 “python-iniparse-0.3.1-2.1.el6.noarch.rpm” [37052/37052])

这里使用的是网易镜像，在这里可以找到你想要的，不一定要用CentOS的软件包。

3.安装yum，必须按照顺序

[root@nagios ~]# rpm -ivh python-iniparse-0.3.1-2.1.el6.noarch.rpm
warning: python-iniparse-0.3.1-2.1.el6.noarch.rpm: Header V3 RSA/SHA256 Signature, key ID c105b9de: NOKEY
Preparing...                ########################################### [100%]
        package python-iniparse-0.3.1-2.1.el6.noarch is already installed
[root@nagios ~]# rpm -ivh yum-metadata-parser-1.1.2-16.el6.x86_64.rpm
warning: yum-metadata-parser-1.1.2-16.el6.x86_64.rpm: Header V3 RSA/SHA1 Signature, key ID c105b9de: NOKEY
Preparing...                ########################################### [100%]
        file /usr/lib64/python2.6/site-packages/_sqlitecache.so from install of yum-metadata-parser-1.1.2-16.el6.x86_64 conflicts with file from package yum-metadata-parser-1.1.2-14.1.el6.x86_64
        file /usr/lib64/python2.6/site-packages/sqlitecachec.pyc from install of yum-metadata-parser-1.1.2-16.el6.x86_64 conflicts with file from package yum-metadata-parser-1.1.2-14.1.el6.x86_64
[root@nagios ~]# rpm -ivh yum-plugin-fastestmirror-1.1.30-14.el6.noarch.rpm 
warning: yum-plugin-fastestmirror-1.1.30-14.el6.noarch.rpm: Header V3 RSA/SHA1 Signature, key ID c105b9de: NOKEY
Preparing...                ########################################### [100%]
   1:yum-plugin-fastestmirro########################################### [100%]

注意：最后两个包必需同时安装，否则会相互依赖。

[root@nagios ~]# rpm -ivh yum-3.2.29-40.el6.centos.noarch.rpm
warning: yum-3.2.29-40.el6.centos.noarch.rpm: Header V3 RSA/SHA1 Signature, key ID c105b9de: NOKEY
Preparing...                ########################################### [100%]
        file /etc/bash_completion.d/yum.bash from install of yum-3.2.29-40.el6.centos.noarch conflicts with file from package yum-3.2.27-14.el6.noarch
        file /etc/yum.conf from install of yum-3.2.29-40.el6.centos.noarch conflicts with file from package yum-3.2.27-14.el6.noarch
        file /usr/lib/python2.6/site-packages/yum/__init__.py from install of yum-3.2.29-40.el6.centos.noarch conflicts with file from package yum-3.2.27-14.el6.noarch
……其它输出略……

4.将CentOS 6的仓库作为yum源

[root@nagios ~]# cd /etc/yum.repos.d/
[root@nagios yum.repos.d]# ll
总用量 0

通过这次配置发现，yum源的名称不重要，只要保证后缀是“.repo”即可。

[root@nagios yum.repos.d]# cat 163.repo
[base]
#yum源的名称
name=CentOS-$releasever - Base
#这个yum源的名称，在做kicakstart时需要特别注意
baseurl=http://mirrors.163.com/centos/6/os/$basearch/
#yum源地址：如果是本地源，“file:///”中的第3个“/”表示本地根目录
enable=1
#不启用这个yum源为“0”，启用安全校验为“1”
gpgcheck=1
#不启用安全校验为“0”，启动安全校验为“1”
gpgkey=http://mirrors.163.com/centos/RPM-GPG-KEY-CentOS-6
#安全校验，检测这个yum源的rpm包是否为红帽官方包导入gpgkey

#released updates
[updates]
name=CentOS-$releasever - Updates
baseurl=http://mirrors.163.com/centos/6/updates/$basearch/
enable=1
gpgcheck=1
gpgkey=http://mirrors.163.com/centos/RPM-GPG-KEY-CentOS-6

#packages used/produced in the build but not released 
#[addons]
#name=CentOS-$releasever - Addons
#baseurl=http://mirrors.163.com/centos/$releasever/addons/$basearch/
#gpgcheck=1
#gpgkey=http://mirrors.163.com/centos/RPM-GPG-KEY-CentOS-6

#additional packages that may be useful
[extras]
name=CentOS-$releasever - Extras
baseurl=http://mirrors.163.com/centos/6/extras/$basearch/
enable=1
gpgcheck=1
gpgkey=http://mirrors.163.com/centos/RPM-GPG-KEY-CentOS-6

#additional packages that extend functionality of existing packages
[centosplus]
name=CentOS-$releasever - Plus
baseurl=http://mirrors.163.com/centos/6/centosplus/$basearch/
gpgcheck=1
enabled=0

参考文档：http://yongzhilinux.blog.51cto.com/2651263/909977——RHEL5和RHEL6下本地以及网络yum源的创建

5.清除yum的缓存（命令“yum clean all”）

6.yum安装mysql

[root@nagios yum.repos.d]# yum -y install mysql-server
Loaded plugins: fastestmirror, refresh-packagekit, rhnplugin
This system is not registered with RHN.
RHN support will be disabled.
Determining fastest mirrors
base                                                                                                                                                                         | 3.7 kB     00:00     
base/primary_db                                                                                                                                                              | 4.4 MB     00:10     
extras                                                                                                                                                                       | 3.3 kB     00:00     
extras/primary_db                                                                                                                                                            |  19 kB     00:00     
updates                                                                                                                                                                      | 3.4 kB     00:00     
updates/primary_db                                                                                                                                                           | 4.8 MB     00:44     
Setting up Install Process
Resolving Dependencies
--> Running transaction check
---> Package mysql-server.x86_64 0:5.1.73-3.el6_5 set to be updated
--> Processing Dependency: mysql = 5.1.73-3.el6_5 for package: mysql-server-5.1.73-3.el6_5.x86_64
--> Processing Dependency: perl-DBD-MySQL for package: mysql-server-5.1.73-3.el6_5.x86_64
--> Processing Dependency: libssl.so.10(libssl.so.10)(64bit) for package: mysql-server-5.1.73-3.el6_5.x86_64
--> Processing Dependency: libcrypto.so.10(libcrypto.so.10)(64bit) for package: mysql-server-5.1.73-3.el6_5.x86_64
--> Running transaction check
---> Package mysql.x86_64 0:5.1.73-3.el6_5 set to be updated
--> Processing Dependency: mysql-libs = 5.1.73-3.el6_5 for package: mysql-5.1.73-3.el6_5.x86_64
---> Package openssl.x86_64 0:1.0.1e-16.el6_5.15 set to be updated
---> Package perl-DBD-MySQL.x86_64 0:4.013-3.el6 set to be updated
--> Running transaction check
---> Package mysql-libs.x86_64 0:5.1.73-3.el6_5 set to be updated
--> Finished Dependency Resolution

Dependencies Resolved

====================================================================================================================================================================================================
 Package                                           Arch                                      Version                                               Repository                                  Size
====================================================================================================================================================================================================
Installing:
 mysql-server                                      x86_64                                    5.1.73-3.el6_5                                        updates                                    8.6 M
Installing for dependencies:
 mysql                                             x86_64                                    5.1.73-3.el6_5                                        updates                                    894 k
 perl-DBD-MySQL                                    x86_64                                    4.013-3.el6                                           base                                       134 k
Updating for dependencies:
 mysql-libs                                        x86_64                                    5.1.73-3.el6_5                                        updates                                    1.2 M
 openssl                                           x86_64                                    1.0.1e-16.el6_5.15                                    updates                                    1.5 M

Transaction Summary
====================================================================================================================================================================================================
Install       3 Package(s)
Upgrade       2 Package(s)

Total download size: 12 M
Downloading Packages:
(1/5): mysql-5.1.73-3.el6_5.x86_64.rpm                                                                                                                                       | 894 kB     00:01     
(2/5): mysql-libs-5.1.73-3.el6_5.x86_64.rpm                                                                                                                                  | 1.2 MB     00:01     
http://mirrors.163.com/centos/6/updates/x86_64/Packages/mysql-server-5.1.73-3.el6_5.x86_64.rpm: [Errno 12] Timeout on http://mirrors.163.com/centos/6/updates/x86_64/Packages/mysql-server-5.1.73-3.el6_5.x86_64.rpm: (28, '')
Trying other mirror.
(4/5): openssl-1.0.1e-16.el6_5.15.x86_64.rpm                                                                                                                                 | 1.5 MB     00:02     
(5/5): perl-DBD-MySQL-4.013-3.el6.x86_64.rpm                                                                                                                                 | 134 kB     00:00     


Error Downloading Packages:
  mysql-server-5.1.73-3.el6_5.x86_64: failure: Packages/mysql-server-5.1.73-3.el6_5.x86_64.rpm from updates: [Errno 256] No more mirrors to try.

安装失败，提示好像是没有更多的yum源地址。

更换另1个yum源配置文件，安装也失败。

[root@nagios yum.repos.d]# yum -y install mysql-server
Loaded plugins: fastestmirror, refresh-packagekit, rhnplugin
This system is not registered with RHN.
RHN support will be disabled.
Loading mirror speeds from cached hostfile
http://mirrors.163.com/centos/6Server/addons/x86_64/repodata/repomd.xml: [Errno 14] HTTP Error 404 : http://mirrors.163.com/centos/6Server/addons/x86_64/repodata/repomd.xml 
Trying other mirror.
Error: Cannot retrieve repository metadata (repomd.xml) for repository: addons. Please verify its path and try again

再次使用第1个yum源配置文件“163.repo”，安装成功。不过，安装过程中，还是有错误出现。

[root@nagios yum.repos.d]# yum -y install mysql-server
Loaded plugins: fastestmirror, refresh-packagekit, rhnplugin
This system is not registered with RHN.
RHN support will be disabled.
Loading mirror speeds from cached hostfile
base                                                                                                                                                                         | 3.7 kB     00:00     
extras                                                                                                                                                                       | 3.3 kB     00:00     
updates                                                                                                                                                                      | 3.4 kB     00:00     
Setting up Install Process
Resolving Dependencies
--> Running transaction check
---> Package mysql-server.x86_64 0:5.1.73-3.el6_5 set to be updated
--> Processing Dependency: mysql = 5.1.73-3.el6_5 for package: mysql-server-5.1.73-3.el6_5.x86_64
--> Processing Dependency: perl-DBD-MySQL for package: mysql-server-5.1.73-3.el6_5.x86_64
--> Processing Dependency: libssl.so.10(libssl.so.10)(64bit) for package: mysql-server-5.1.73-3.el6_5.x86_64
--> Processing Dependency: libcrypto.so.10(libcrypto.so.10)(64bit) for package: mysql-server-5.1.73-3.el6_5.x86_64
--> Running transaction check
---> Package mysql.x86_64 0:5.1.73-3.el6_5 set to be updated
--> Processing Dependency: mysql-libs = 5.1.73-3.el6_5 for package: mysql-5.1.73-3.el6_5.x86_64
---> Package openssl.x86_64 0:1.0.1e-16.el6_5.15 set to be updated
---> Package perl-DBD-MySQL.x86_64 0:4.013-3.el6 set to be updated
--> Running transaction check
---> Package mysql-libs.x86_64 0:5.1.73-3.el6_5 set to be updated
--> Finished Dependency Resolution

Dependencies Resolved

====================================================================================================================================================================================================
 Package                                           Arch                                      Version                                               Repository                                  Size
====================================================================================================================================================================================================
Installing:
 mysql-server                                      x86_64                                    5.1.73-3.el6_5                                        updates                                    8.6 M
Installing for dependencies:
 mysql                                             x86_64                                    5.1.73-3.el6_5                                        updates                                    894 k
 perl-DBD-MySQL                                    x86_64                                    4.013-3.el6                                           base                                       134 k
Updating for dependencies:
 mysql-libs                                        x86_64                                    5.1.73-3.el6_5                                        updates                                    1.2 M
 openssl                                           x86_64                                    1.0.1e-16.el6_5.15                                    updates                                    1.5 M

Transaction Summary
====================================================================================================================================================================================================
Install       3 Package(s)
Upgrade       2 Package(s)

Total size: 12 M
Total download size: 8.6 M
Downloading Packages:
mysql-server-5.1.73-3.el6_5.x86_64.rpm                                                                                                                                       | 8.6 MB     00:06     
warning: rpmts_HdrFromFdno: Header V3 RSA/SHA256 Signature, key ID c105b9de: NOKEY
base/gpgkey                                                                                                                                                                  | 3.3 kB     00:00 ... 
Importing GPG key 0xC105B9DE "CentOS-6 Key (CentOS 6 Official Signing Key) " from http://mirrors.163.com/centos/RPM-GPG-KEY-CentOS-6
Running rpm_check_debug
Running Transaction Test
Transaction Test Succeeded
Running Transaction
Warning: RPMDB altered outside of yum.
  Updating       : openssl-1.0.1e-16.el6_5.15.x86_64                                                                                                                                            1/7 
  Updating       : mysql-libs-5.1.73-3.el6_5.x86_64                                                                                                                                             2/7 
  Installing     : perl-DBD-MySQL-4.013-3.el6.x86_64                                                                                                                                            3/7 
  Installing     : mysql-5.1.73-3.el6_5.x86_64                                                                                                                                                  4/7 
  Installing     : mysql-server-5.1.73-3.el6_5.x86_64                                                                                                                                           5/7 
  Cleanup        : mysql-libs-5.1.47-4.el6.x86_64                                                                                                                                               6/7 
  Cleanup        : openssl-1.0.0-4.el6.x86_64                                                                                                                                                   7/7 

Installed:
  mysql-server.x86_64 0:5.1.73-3.el6_5                                                                                                                                                              

Dependency Installed:
  mysql.x86_64 0:5.1.73-3.el6_5                                                                 perl-DBD-MySQL.x86_64 0:4.013-3.el6                                                                

Dependency Updated:
  mysql-libs.x86_64 0:5.1.73-3.el6_5                                                               openssl.x86_64 0:1.0.1e-16.el6_5.15                                                              

Complete!

参考文档：http://www.chinadmd.com/file/r3zuu3uostrvaicitoszsocx_1.html——RHEL 6.1网络yum配置