下文内容主要给大家带来MySQL主从搭建方法，所讲到的知识，与书籍略有不同，都是创新互联专业技术人员在与用户接触过程中，总结出来的，具有一定的经验分享价值，希望给广大读者带来帮助。
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主库搭建好后：
1、打包备份数据
（1）对数据库锁表只读
>flush table with read lock;
（2）默认情况下自动解锁的时间
>show variables like '%timeout%';
（3）锁表后查看主库状态
信息要记录在案,从库连接主库时需要用到
>show master status;
或
# mysql -uroot -p123456 -S/data/3306/mysql.sock -e "show master status"
（4）锁表后开新的窗口，数据量很大（50G以上），允许停机，停机打包
#mkdir -p /server/backup
(5)打包数据
#mysqldump -uroot -p123456 -S /data/3306/mysql.sock--events \
-A -B|gzip >/server/backup/mysql_bak.$(date +%F).sql.gz
(6)解锁数据库
#unlock tables;
从库搭建
1、安装MySQL需要的依赖包和编译软件
（1）安装MySQL需要的依赖包
#yum install ncurses-devel libaio-devel -y
（2）安装编译MySQL需要的软件
#tar xf cmake-2.8.8.tar.gz
#cd cmake-2.8.8
#./configure
#gmake && gmake install
或者直接yum安装
#yum -y install cmake
2、开始安装MySQL数据库
（1）建立MySQL用户
#useradd -s /sbin/nologin -M mysql
(2)采用编译方式安装MySQL
#tar xf mysql-5.5.49.tar.gz
#cd mysql-5.5.49
#cmake . -DCMAKE_INSTALL_PREFIX=/application/mysql-5.5.49\
-DMYSQL_DATADIR=/application/mysql-5.5.49/data \
-DMYSQL_UNIX_ADDR=/application/mysql-5.5.49/tmp/mysql.sock\
-DDEFAULT_CHARSET=utf8 \
-DDEFAULT_COLLATION=utf8_general_ci \
-DEXTRA_CHARSETS=gbk,gb2312,utf8,ascii \
-DENABLED_LOCAL_INFILE=ON \
-DWITH_INNOBASE_STORAGE_ENGINE=1 \
-DWITH_FEDERATED_STORAGE_ENGINE=1 \
-DWITH_BLACKHOLE_STORAGE_ENGINE=1 \
-DWITHOUT_EXAMPLE_STORAGE_ENGINE=1 \
-DWITHOUT_PARTITION_STORAGE_ENGINE=1 \
-DWITH_FAST_MUTEXES=1 \
-DWITH_ZLIB=bundled \
-DENABLED_LOCAL_INFILE=1 \
-DWITH_READLINE=1 \
-DWITH_EMBEDDED_SERVER=1 \
-DWITH_DEBUG=0
#make && make install
#ln -s /application/mysql-5.5.49/ /application/mysql
（3）配置从库配置文件
#mkdir –p /data/3307/data
#vim /data/3307/my.cnf
[client]
port = 3307
socket = /data/3307/mysql.sock
[mysql]
no-auto-rehash
[mysqld]
user =mysql
port =3307
socket =/data/3307/mysql.sock
basedir = /application/mysql
datadir = /data/3307/data
open_files_limit = 1024
back_log = 600
max_connections = 800
max_connect_errors = 3000
table_cache = 614
external-locking = FALSE
max_allowed_packet =8M
sort_buffer_size = 1M
join_buffer_size = 1M
thread_cache_size = 100
thread_concurrency = 2
query_cache_size = 2M
query_cache_limit = 1M
query_cache_min_res_unit = 2k
#default_table_type = InnoDB
thread_stack = 192K
#transaction_isolation = READ-COMMITTED
tmp_table_size = 2M
max_heap_table_size = 2M
long_query_time = 1
#log_long_format
#log-error = /data/3307/error.log
#log-slow-queries = /data/3307/slow.log
pid-file = /data/3307/mysql.pid
log-bin = /data/3307/mysql-bin
relay-log = /data/3307/relay-bin
relay-log-info-file = /data/3307/relay-log.info
binlog_cache_size = 1M
max_binlog_cache_size = 1M
max_binlog_size = 2M
expire_logs_days = 7
key_buffer_size = 16M
read_buffer_size = 1M
read_rnd_buffer_size = 1M
bulk_insert_buffer_size = 1M
#myisam_sort_buffer_size = 1M
#myisam_max_sort_file_size = 10G
#myisam_max_extra_sort_file_size = 10G
#myisam_repair_threads = 1
#myisam_recover
lower_case_table_names = 1
skip-name-resolve
slave-skip-errors = 1032,1062
replicate-ignore-db=mysql
server-id = 3
innodb_additional_mem_pool_size = 4M
innodb_buffer_pool_size = 32M
innodb_data_file_path = ibdata1:128M:autoextend
innodb_file_io_threads = 4
innodb_thread_concurrency = 8
innodb_flush_log_at_trx_commit = 2
innodb_log_buffer_size = 2M
innodb_log_file_size = 4M
innodb_log_files_in_group = 3
innodb_max_dirty_pages_pct = 90
innodb_lock_wait_timeout = 120
innodb_file_per_table = 0
[mysqldump]
quick
max_allowed_packet = 2M
[mysqld_safe]
log-error=/data/3307/mysql_3307.err
pid-file=/data/3307/mysqld.pid
（4）配置从库启动文件
#vim /data/3307/mysql
#!/bin/sh
################################################
#init
port=3307
mysql_user="root"
mysql_pwd="123456"
CmdPath="/application/mysql/bin"
mysql_sock="/data/${port}/mysql.sock"
#startup function
function_start_mysql()
{
if [ ! -e"$mysql_sock" ];then
printf "Starting MySQL...\n"
/bin/sh${CmdPath}/mysqld_safe --defaults-file=/data/${port}/my.cnf 2>&1 >/dev/null &
else
printf "MySQL isrunning...\n"
exit
fi
}
#stop function
function_stop_mysql()
{
if [ ! -e "$mysql_sock"];then
printf "MySQL isstopped...\n"
exit
else
printf "StopingMySQL...\n"
${CmdPath}/mysqladmin-u ${mysql_user} -p${mysql_pwd} -S /data/${port}/mysql.sock shutdown
fi
}
#restart function
function_restart_mysql()
{
printf "RestartingMySQL...\n"
function_stop_mysql
sleep 2
function_start_mysql
}
case $1 in
start)
function_start_mysql
;;
stop)
function_stop_mysql
;;
restart)
function_restart_mysql
;;
*)
printf "Usage:/data/${port}/mysql {start|stop|restart}\n"
esac（5）修改文件权限
#chown -R mysql.mysql /data
#chmod 700 /data/3307/mysql
配置全局变量
#echo 'export PATH=/application/mysql/bin:$PATH'>>/etc/profile
#source /etc/profile
初始化数据库
#cd /application/mysql/scripts
#./mysql_install_db--basedir=/application/mysql --datadir=/data/3307/data --user=mysql
启动数据库
#/data/3307/mysql start
登录数据库
#mysql -S /data/3307/mysql.sock
设置登陆密码
#mysqladmin -u root -S /data/3307/mysql.sockpassword '123456'
#mysql -uroot -p -S /data/3307/mysql.sock
降权启动
#find /data -type f -name "mysql"|xargschmod 700
#find /data -type f -name "mysql" -execchown root.root {} \;设置开机自启
#echo "#mysql multi instances">>/etc/rc.local
#echo "/data/3307/mysql start">>/etc/rc.local
登录数据库
#mysql -uroot -p123456 -S /data/3307/mysql.sock
#show variables like 'server_id';
删除不需要的库
#select user,host from mysql.user;
#drop user 'root'@'::1';
#drop user ''@'db02';
#drop user 'root'@'db02';
#drop user ''@'localhost';
#flush privileges;
从库连接主库配置信息
登录从库执行
>CHANGE MASTER TO
>MASTER_HOST='10.0.0.51', <==主库IP
>MASTER_PORT=3306, <==主库端口号
>MASTER_USER='rep', <==复制帐号
>MASTER_PASSWORD='123456', <==rep用户的密码
>MASTER_LOG_FILE='mysql-bin.000002',<==主库执行showmaster status;查看到的二进制日志文件名称
>MASTER_LOG_POS=729; <==主库执行show master status;查看到的二进制日志偏移
启动从库复制开关
#mysql -uroot -p123456 -S /data/3307/mysql.sock -e"start slave;"
#mysql -uroot -p123456 -S /data/3307/mysql.sock -e"show slave status\G;"
Slave_IO_Running: Yes
Slave_SQL_Running: Yes
其中显示有上面两行内容表示主从以开始同步
将主库打包数据还原到从库
# gzip -dmysql_bak.2016-08-25.sql.gz
# mysql -uroot -p123456 -S/data/3307/mysql.sock 对于以上关于mysql主从搭建方法，如果大家还有更多需要了解的可以持续关注我们创新互联的行业推新，如需获取专业解答，可在官网联系售前售后的，希望该文章可给大家带来一定的知识更新。
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