scrapy框架爬取大乐透数据

github项目地址： https://github.com/v587xpt/lottery_spider
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上次做了一个双色球的数据爬取，其实大乐透的爬取也很简单，使用request就可以爬取，但是为了更好的进步，这次爬取大乐透采用了scrapy框架。

scrapy框架的运行机制不介绍了，不懂的先去google了解下吧；

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一、创建项目

我使用的是windows进行开发的，所以需要在windows上安装好scrapy；假设已安装好该框架；

1、打开cmd，运行

scrapy startproject lottery_spider

命令，会在命令运行的文件下生成一个lottery_spider的项目
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2、再执行 cd lottery_spider 进入lottery_spider项目，执行  

scrapy gensiper lottery "www.lottery.gov.cn"

lottery 为爬虫文件；

www.lottery.gov.cn 为目标网站；

创建完毕后会在项目的 spider文件夹下生成爬虫文件： lottery.py
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二、项目内的各个文件代码

1、items.py

# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-

# Define here the models for your scraped items
#
# See documentation in:
# https://docs.scrapy.org/en/latest/topics/items.html

import scrapy

class LotterySpiderItem(scrapy.Item):
    qihao = scrapy.Field()
    bule_ball = scrapy.Field()
    red_ball = scrapy.Field()

此文件定义了数据的模型，就是数据的参数；qihao、bule_ball、red_ball ；
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2、lottery.py

# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
import scrapy
from lottery_spider.items import LotterySpiderItem

class LotterySpider(scrapy.Spider):
    name = 'lottery'
    allowed_domains = ['gov.cn']        #允许爬虫爬取目标网站的域名，此域名之外的不会爬取；
    start_urls = ['http://www.lottery.gov.cn/historykj/history_1.jspx?_ltype=dlt']  #起始页；从合格web开始爬取；

    def parse(self, response):
        #使用xpath获取数据前的路径，返回一个list的格式数据；
        results = response.xpath("//div[@class='yylMain']//div[@class='result']//tbody//tr")
        for result in results:  #results数据需要for循环遍历；
            qihao = result.xpath(".//td[1]//text()").get()
            bule_ball_1 = result.xpath(".//td[2]//text()").get()
            bule_ball_2 = result.xpath(".//td[3]//text()").get()
            bule_ball_3 = result.xpath(".//td[4]//text()").get()
            bule_ball_4 = result.xpath(".//td[5]//text()").get()
            bule_ball_5 = result.xpath(".//td[6]//text()").get()
            red_ball_1 = result.xpath(".//td[7]//text()").get()
            red_ball_2 = result.xpath(".//td[8]//text()").get()

            bule_ball_list = []     #定义一个列表，用于存储五个蓝球
            bule_ball_list.append(bule_ball_1)
            bule_ball_list.append(bule_ball_2)
            bule_ball_list.append(bule_ball_3)
            bule_ball_list.append(bule_ball_4)
            bule_ball_list.append(bule_ball_5)

            red_ball_list = []      #定义一个列表，用于存储2个红球
            red_ball_list.append(red_ball_1)
            red_ball_list.append(red_ball_2)

            print("===================================================")
            print("❤期号："+ str(qihao) + " ❤" + "蓝球："+ str(bule_ball_list) + " ❤" + "红球" + str(red_ball_list))

            item = LotterySpiderItem(qihao = qihao,bule_ball = bule_ball_list,red_ball = red_ball_list)
            yield item

        next_url = response.xpath("//div[@class='page']/div/a[3]/@href").get()
        if not next_url:
            return
        else:
            last_url = "http://www.lottery.gov.cn/historykj/" + next_url
            yield scrapy.Request(last_url,callback=self.parse)  #这里调用parse方法的时候不用加();

此文件是运行的爬虫文件；

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3、pipelines.py

# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-

# Define your item pipelines here
#
# Don't forget to add your pipeline to the ITEM_PIPELINES setting
# See: https://docs.scrapy.org/en/latest/topics/item-pipeline.html
import json

class LotterySpiderPipeline(object):
    def __init__(self):
        print("爬虫开始......")
        self.fp = open("daletou.json", 'w', encoding='utf-8')  # 打开一个json文件

    def process_item(self, item, spider):
        item_json = json.dumps(dict(item), ensure_ascii=False)      #注意此处的item，需要dict来进行序列化；
        self.fp.write(item_json + '\n')
        return item

    def close_spider(self,spider):
        self.fp.close()
        print("爬虫结束......")

此文件负责数据的保存，代码中将数据保存为了json数据；
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4、settings.py

# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-

# Scrapy settings for lottery_spider project
#
# For simplicity, this file contains only settings considered important or
# commonly used. You can find more settings consulting the documentation:
#
#     https://docs.scrapy.org/en/latest/topics/settings.html
#     https://docs.scrapy.org/en/latest/topics/downloader-middleware.html
#     https://docs.scrapy.org/en/latest/topics/spider-middleware.html

BOT_NAME = 'lottery_spider'

SPIDER_MODULES = ['lottery_spider.spiders']
NEWSPIDER_MODULE = 'lottery_spider.spiders'

# Crawl responsibly by identifying yourself (and your website) on the user-agent
#USER_AGENT = 'lottery_spider (+http://www.yourdomain.com)'

# Obey robots.txt rules
ROBOTSTXT_OBEY = False    #False，不去寻找网站设置的rebots.txt文件；

# Configure maximum concurrent requests performed by Scrapy (default: 16)
#CONCURRENT_REQUESTS = 32

# Configure a delay for requests for the same website (default: 0)
# See https://docs.scrapy.org/en/latest/topics/settings.html#download-delay
# See also autothrottle settings and docs
DOWNLOAD_DELAY = 1      #配置爬虫速度，1秒一次
# The download delay setting will honor only one of:
#CONCURRENT_REQUESTS_PER_DOMAIN = 16
#CONCURRENT_REQUESTS_PER_IP = 16

# Disable cookies (enabled by default)
#COOKIES_ENABLED = False

# Disable Telnet Console (enabled by default)
#TELNETCONSOLE_ENABLED = False

# Override the default request headers:
DEFAULT_REQUEST_HEADERS = {        #配置爬虫的请求头，模拟浏览器请求；
    'Accept': 'text/html,application/xhtml+xml,application/xml;q=0.9,*/*;q=0.8',
    'Accept-Language': 'en',
    'User-Agent':'Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/77.0.3865.120 Safari/537.36'
}

# Enable or disable spider middlewares
# See https://docs.scrapy.org/en/latest/topics/spider-middleware.html
#SPIDER_MIDDLEWARES = {
#    'lottery_spider.middlewares.LotterySpiderSpiderMiddleware': 543,
#}

# Enable or disable downloader middlewares
# See https://docs.scrapy.org/en/latest/topics/downloader-middleware.html
#DOWNLOADER_MIDDLEWARES = {
#    'lottery_spider.middlewares.LotterySpiderDownloaderMiddleware': 543,
#}

# Enable or disable extensions
# See https://docs.scrapy.org/en/latest/topics/extensions.html
#EXTENSIONS = {
#    'scrapy.extensions.telnet.TelnetConsole': None,
#}

# Configure item pipelines
# See https://docs.scrapy.org/en/latest/topics/item-pipeline.html
ITEM_PIPELINES = {    #取消此配置的注释，让pipelines.py可以运行；
   'lottery_spider.pipelines.LotterySpiderPipeline': 300,
}

# Enable and configure the AutoThrottle extension (disabled by default)
# See https://docs.scrapy.org/en/latest/topics/autothrottle.html
#AUTOTHROTTLE_ENABLED = True
# The initial download delay
#AUTOTHROTTLE_START_DELAY = 5
# The maximum download delay to be set in case of high latencies
#AUTOTHROTTLE_MAX_DELAY = 60
# The average number of requests Scrapy should be sending in parallel to
# each remote server
#AUTOTHROTTLE_TARGET_CONCURRENCY = 1.0
# Enable showing throttling stats for every response received:
#AUTOTHROTTLE_DEBUG = False

# Enable and configure HTTP caching (disabled by default)
# See https://docs.scrapy.org/en/latest/topics/downloader-middleware.html#httpcache-middleware-settings
#HTTPCACHE_ENABLED = True
#HTTPCACHE_EXPIRATION_SECS = 0
#HTTPCACHE_DIR = 'httpcache'
#HTTPCACHE_IGNORE_HTTP_CODES = []
#HTTPCACHE_STORAGE = 'scrapy.extensions.httpcache.FilesystemCacheStorage'

此文件是整个爬虫项目的运行配置文件；
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5、start.py

from scrapy import cmdline

cmdline.execute("scrapy crawl lottery".split())
#等价于 ↓
# cmdline.execute(["scrapy","crawl","xiaoshuo"])

此文件是新建的文件，配置后就不用cmd中执行命令运行项目了；