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恢复被rm意外删除的数据文件

一.模拟数据文件删除

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[oracle@node1 ~]$ sqlplus /as sysdba
 
SQL*Plus: Release 11.2.0.3.0 Productionon Sat Dec31 22:00:52 2011
 
Copyright (c) 1982, 2011, Oracle. All rights reserved.
 
--数据库版本
Connected to:
Oracle Database11g Enterprise Edition Release 11.2.0.3.0 - 64bit Production
With the Partitioning, Oracle Label Security, OLAP, Data Mining,
Oracle DatabaseVault and Real Application Testing options
 
--所有数据文件
SQL> selectname from v$datafile;
 
NAME
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
/opt/oracle/oradata/ora11g/system01.dbf
/opt/oracle/oradata/ora11g/sysaux01.dbf
/opt/oracle/oradata/ora11g/undotbs01.dbf
/opt/oracle/oradata/ora11g/users01.dbf
/opt/oracle/oradata/ora11g/example01.dbf
 
--删除example01.dbf数据文件
SQL> !rm /opt/oracle/oradata/ora11g/example01.dbf
 
SQL> !ls -l /opt/oracle/oradata/ora11g/example01.dbf
ls: /opt/oracle/oradata/ora11g/example01.dbf: 没有那个文件或目录
 
--因为数据文件被删除,创建表失败
SQL> createtable t_xifenfei tablespace example
  2 as select* from dba_tables;
as select * fromdba_tables
                 *
ERROR atline 2:
ORA-01116: error in opening databasefile 5
ORA-01110: data file 5:'/opt/oracle/oradata/ora11g/example01.dbf'
ORA-27041: unableto open file
Linux-x86_64 Error: 2:No such file or directory
Additional information: 3

二.找回数据文件

--查找dbw进程spid
[oracle@node1 ~]$ ps -ef|grepdbw|grep -v grep
oracle   18387     1  0 Dec22 ?        00:00:12 ora_dbw0_ora11g
 
--查看该进程所有文件句柄
[oracle@node1 ~]$ ll/proc/18387/fd
总计 0
lr-x------ 1 oracle oinstall 64 12-31 22:03 0 ->/dev/null
l-wx------ 1 oracle oinstall 64 12-31 22:03 1 ->/dev/null
lr-x------ 1 oracle oinstall 64 12-31 22:03 10 ->/dev/zero
lr-x------ 1 oracle oinstall 64 12-31 22:03 11 ->/dev/zero
lr-x------ 1 oracle oinstall 64 12-31 22:03 12 ->/opt/oracle/product/11.2.0/db_1/rdbms/mesg/orazhs.msb
lrwx------ 1 oracle oinstall 64 12-31 22:03 13 ->/opt/oracle/product/11.2.0/db_1/dbs/hc_ora11g.dat
lr-x------ 1 oracle oinstall 64 12-31 22:03 14 ->/proc/18387/fd
lr-x------ 1 oracle oinstall 64 12-31 22:03 15 ->/dev/zero
lr-x------ 1 oracle oinstall 64 12-31 22:03 16 ->/opt/oracle/product/11.2.0/db_1/rdbms/mesg/oraus.msb
lrwx------ 1 oracle oinstall 64 12-31 22:03 17 ->/opt/oracle/product/11.2.0/db_1/dbs/hc_ora11g.dat
lrwx------ 1 oracle oinstall 64 12-31 22:03 18 ->/opt/oracle/product/11.2.0/db_1/dbs/lkORA11G
lr-x------ 1 oracle oinstall 64 12-31 22:03 19 ->/opt/oracle/product/11.2.0/db_1/rdbms/mesg/orazhs.msb
l-wx------ 1 oracle oinstall 64 12-31 22:03 2 ->/dev/null
lr-x------ 1 oracle oinstall 64 12-31 22:03 20 ->/opt/oracle/product/11.2.0/db_1/rdbms/mesg/oraus.msb
lrwx------ 1 oracle oinstall 64 12-31 22:03 21 -> socket:[441562]
lrwx------ 1 oracle oinstall 64 12-31 22:03 256 ->/opt/oracle/oradata/ora11g/control01.ctl
lrwx------ 1 oracle oinstall 64 12-31 22:03 257 ->/opt/oracle/oradata/ora11g/system01.dbf
lrwx------ 1 oracle oinstall 64 12-31 22:03 258 ->/opt/oracle/oradata/ora11g/sysaux01.dbf
lrwx------ 1 oracle oinstall 64 12-31 22:03 259 ->/opt/oracle/oradata/ora11g/undotbs01.dbf
lrwx------ 1 oracle oinstall 64 12-31 22:03 260 ->/opt/oracle/oradata/ora11g/users01.dbf
lrwx------ 1 oracle oinstall 64 12-31 22:03 261 ->/opt/oracle/oradata/ora11g/example01.dbf (deleted)
lrwx------ 1 oracle oinstall 64 12-31 22:03 262 ->/opt/oracle/oradata/ora11g/temp01.dbf
lr-x------ 1 oracle oinstall 64 12-31 22:03 3 ->/dev/null
lr-x------ 1 oracle oinstall 64 12-31 22:03 4 ->/dev/null
lrwx------ 1 oracle oinstall 64 12-31 22:03 5 ->/opt/oracle/product/11.2.0/db_1/dbs/hc_ora11g.dat
lr-x------ 1 oracle oinstall 64 12-31 22:03 6 ->/dev/null
lr-x------ 1 oracle oinstall 64 12-31 22:03 7 ->/dev/null
lr-x------ 1 oracle oinstall 64 12-31 22:03 8 ->/dev/null
lr-x------ 1 oracle oinstall 64 12-31 22:03 9 ->/dev/null
--通过句柄恢复数据文件[被删除数据文件会被标示(deleted)]
[oracle@node1 ~]$cp /proc/18387/fd/261/opt/oracle/oradata/ora11g/example01.dbf
--确认该数据文件已经恢复成功
[oracle@node1 ~]$ ll/opt/oracle/oradata/ora11g/example01.dbf
-rw-r----- 1 oracle oinstall 362422272 12-31 22:05/opt/oracle/oradata/ora11g/example01.dbf

三.数据文件online
        SQL> alterdatabase datafile 5 offline;  

Database altered.  
SQL> recover datafile 5;
Media recovery complete.
SQL> alterdatabase datafile 5 online;  
Database altered. 
SQL> createtable t_xifenfei tablespace example
  2 as select* from dba_tables; 
Table created.

四.补充说明
在意外使用os命令删除掉数据文件时,千万不要慌张重启数据库或者操作系统,可以通过dbwn进程相关句柄找回数据文件

如果是unix系统,可能需要先通过lsof找到句柄,然后通过cp实现

[root@xifenfei ~]# tar xjf lsof_4.86.tar.bz2
[root@xifenfei lsof_4.86]# tar xvf lsof_4.86_src.tar
[root@xifenfei lsof_4.86_src]# ./Configure
No target dialect was specified.
Usage: Configure
  :  -clean        : clean up previous configuration
              -d|-dialects  : display a list of supported dialect versions
              -h|-help      : display help information
              -n            : avoid AFS, customization, and inventory checks
   (****USE -d TO GET TESTED DIALECT VERSION NUMBERS****):
    aix|aixgcc              : IBM AIX xlc (aix) or gcc (aixgcc)
    darwin                  : Apple Darwin
    decosf                  : DEC OSF/1
    digital_unix|du        : Digital UNIX
    freebsd                 : FreeBSD
    hpux|hpuxgcc            : HP-UX cc (hpux) or gcc (hpuxgcc)
    linux                   : Linux
    netbsd                  : NetBSD
    nextstep|next|ns|nxt    : NEXTSTEP
    openbsd                 : OpenBSD
    openstep|os             : OPENSTEP
    osr|sco                 : SCO OpenServer < 6.0.0, SCO devloper's compiler
    osrgcc|scogcc           : SCO OpenServer < 6.0.0, gcc compiler
    osr6                    : SCO OpenServer 6.0.0, SCO compiler
    solaris|solariscc       : Solaris gcc (solaris) or cc (solariscc)
    tru64                   : Tru64 UNIX
    unixware|uw             : SCO|Caldera UnixWare
[root@xifenfei lsof_4.86_src]# ./Configure linux
[root@xifenfei lsof_4.86_src]# make
[root@xifenfei lsof_4.86_src]# make install

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