恢复MySQL数据库密码步骤原理
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停止Mysql服务程序
跳过授权表启动MySQL服务程序
重设root密码（更新user表记录）
以正常方式重启MySQL服务程序
密码恢复实例
例1：重置MySQL管理密码
[root@host50 ~]# systemctl stop mysqld
[root@host50 ~]# systemctl status mysqld
● mysqld.service - MySQL Server
Loaded: loaded (/usr/lib/systemd/system/mysqld.service; enabled; vendor preset: disabled)
Active: inactive (dead) since Tue 2019-07-02 03:54:56 CST; 6s ago
Docs: man:mysqld(8)
http://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/en/using-systemd.html
Process: 1426 ExecStart=/usr/sbin/mysqld --daemonize --pid-file=/var/run/mysqld/mysqld.pid $MYSQLD_OPTS (code=exited, status=0/SUCCESS)
Process: 1083 ExecStartPre=/usr/bin/mysqld_pre_systemd (code=exited, status=0/SUCCESS)
Main PID: 1430 (code=exited, status=0/SUCCESS)
Jul 02 03:31:22 host50 systemd[1]: Starting MySQL Server...
Jul 02 03:31:36 host50 systemd[1]: Started MySQL Server.
Jul 02 03:54:55 host50 systemd[1]: Stopping MySQL Server...
Jul 02 03:54:56 host50 systemd[1]: Stopped MySQL Server.
[root@host50 ~]# vim /etc/my.cnf
[mysqld]
#
# Remove leading # and set to the amount of RAM for the most important data
# cache in MySQL. Start at 70% of total RAM for dedicated server, else 10%.
# innodb_buffer_pool_size = 128M
#
# Remove leading # to turn on a very important data integrity option: logging
# changes to the binary log between backups.
# log_bin
#
# Remove leading # to set options mainly useful for reporting servers.
# The server defaults are faster for transactions and fast SELECTs.
# Adjust sizes as needed, experiment to find the optimal values.
# join_buffer_size = 128M
# sort_buffer_size = 2M
# read_rnd_buffer_size = 2M
datadir=/var/lib/mysql
socket=/var/lib/mysql/mysql.sock
secure_file_priv="/myload"
# Disabling symbolic-links is recommended to prevent assorted security risks
symbolic-links=0
default-storage-engine=innodb
log-error=/var/log/mysqld.log
pid-file=/var/run/mysqld/mysqld.pid
skip_grant_tables=1
[root@host50 ~]# systemctl restart mysqld
[root@host50 ~]# mysql -uroot
mysql> UPDATE mysql.user SET authentication_string=PASSWORD('123456')
-> WHERE user='root' AND host='localhost';
Query OK, 1 row affected, 1 warning (0.00 sec)
Rows matched: 1 Changed: 1 Warnings: 1
mysql> flush privileges;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.01 sec)
mysql> exit注：通过执行“FLUSH PRIVILEGES;”可使授权表立即生效，对于正常运行的MySQL服务，也可以用上述方法来修改密码，不用重启服务。本例中因为是恢复密码，最好重启MySQL服务程序，所以上述“FLUSH PRIVILEGES;”操作可跳过。
[root@host50 ~]# vim /etc/my.cnf
[mysqld]
#skip_grant_tables=1
.
.
.
[root@host50 ~]# systemctl restart mysqld
[root@host50 ~]# mysql -uroot
ERROR 1045 (28000): Access denied for user 'root'@'localhost' (using password: NO)
[root@host50 ~]# mysql -uroot -p123456
mysql: [Warning] Using a password on the command line interface can be insecure.
Welcome to the MySQL monitor. Commands end with ; or \g.
Your MySQL connection id is 4
Server version: 5.7.17 MySQL Community Server (GPL)
Copyright (c) 2000, 2016, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
Oracle is a registered trademark of Oracle Corporation and/or its
affiliates. Other names may be trademarks of their respective
owners.
Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement.
mysql>
例2：重设Mysql管理用户密码（已知密码）
[root@host50 ~]# mysqladmin -u root -p password 'qaz123edc'
Enter password:
mysqladmin: [Warning] Using a password on the command line interface can be insecure.
Warning: Since password will be sent to server in plain text, use ssl connection to ensure password safety.
mysql> set password for root@localhost=password('123456');
Query OK, 0 rows affected, 1 warning (0.00 sec)mysql> grant all on *.* to root@localhost identified by '123456';
Query OK, 0 rows affected, 1 warning (0.00 sec)
mysql> update mysql.user set authentication_string=password('123456')
-> where user='root' and host='localhost';
Query OK, 0 rows affected, 1 warning (0.00 sec)
Rows matched: 1 Changed: 0 Warnings: 1
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