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split()方法的作用
是按指定的分隔符，把一个字符串分隔成指定数目的子字符串，然后把它们放入一个列表中，然后应用。
实际应用
比如有一篇文章，我们可以把它当做一个字符串，然后用split()分隔成一个一个的单词组成的列表，这样我们把这个列表导出到Excel中，或者其他的工具中，然后就可以非常容易的统计出这篇文章有多少个单词，某个单词出现的次数，从而可以统计出哪些单词是高频词，然后我们可以用这些数据干很多事情。
实例展示
long_string="My name is Monkey D Lufy. The man who is going to be the king in the sea."
str_list1=long_string.split()
str_list2=long_string.split(" ",1)
str_list3=long_string.split(" ",16)
str_list4=long_string.split(" ",17)
str_list5=long_string.split(" ",20)
print(str_list1)
print(str_list2)
print(str_list3)
print(str_list4)
print(str_list5)运行结果
["My","name","is","Monkey","D","Lufy.","The","man","who","is","going","to","be","the","king","in","the","sea."]
["My","name is Monkey D Lufy. The man who is going to be the king in the sea."]
["My","name","is","Monkey","D","Lufy.","The","man","who","is","going","to","be","the","king","in","the sea."]
["My","name","is","Monkey","D","Lufy.","The","man","who","is","going","to","be","the","king","in","the","sea."]
["My","name","is","Monkey","D","Lufy.","The","man","who","is","going","to","be","the","king","in","the","sea."]
关于split()方法总结
1）split()有两个参数，第一个参数是分隔符，如果不指定，则默认以空格、换行、制表符为分隔符，第二个参数为分隔次数，如果不指定，则跟据字符串中有多少个分隔符，就分隔多少次。
2）str_list2指定空格为分隔符，只分隔1次，所以在My和name之间分隔一次，后面的都不分隔。
3）long_string这个字符串中总共有17个空格，如果指定分隔次数大于17，则Python也不会报错，还是以分隔符的总数进行分隔。
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