生成
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1. 生成error 文件的路径：你可以通过参数设置-XX:ErrorFile=/path/hs_error%p.log, 默认是在Java运行的当前目录 [default: ./hs_err_pid%p.log]
2. 参数-XX:OnError 可以在crash退出的时候执行命令，格式是-XX:OnError=“string”, 可以是命令的集合，用分号做分隔符, 可以用"%p"来取到当前进程的ID.
例如：
// -XX:OnError="pmap %p" // show memory map
// -XX:OnError="gcore %p; dbx - %p" // dump core and launch debugger
在Linux中系统会fork出一个子进程去执行shell的命令，因为是用fork可能会内存不够的情况，注意修改你的 /proc/sys/vm/overcommit_memory 参数,不清楚为什么这里不使用vfork
3. -XX:+ShowMessageBoxOnError 参数，当jvm crash的时候在linux里会启动gdb 去分析和调式，适合在测试环境中使用。
什么情况下不会生成error文件
linux 内核在发生OOM的时候会强制kill一些进程, 可以在/var/logs/messages中查找
Error crash 文件的几个重要部分
a. 错误信息概要
# A fatal error has been detected by the Java Runtime Environment:
#
# SIGSEGV (0xb) at pc=0x0000000000043566, pid=32046, tid=1121192256
#
# JRE version: 6.0_17-b04
# Java VM: Java HotSpot(TM) 64-Bit Server VM (14.3-b01 mixed mode linux-amd64 )
# Problematic frame:
# C 0x0000000000043566
#
# If you would like to submit a bug report, please visit:
# http://java.sun.com/webapps/bugreport/crash.jsp
# The crash happened outside the Java Virtual Machine in native code.
# See problematic frame for where to report the bug.
SIGSEGV 错误的信号类型
pc 就是IP/PC寄存器值也就是执行指令的代码地址
pid 就是进程id
# Problematic frame:
# V [libjvm.so+0x593045]
就是导致问题的动态链接库函数的地址
pc 和 +0x593045 指的是同一个地址，只是一个是动态的偏移地址，一个是运行的虚拟地址
b.信号信息
Java中在linux 中注册的信号处理函数，中间有2个参数info, ucvoid
static void crash_handler(int sig, siginfo_t* info, void* ucVoid) {
// unmask current signal
sigset_t newset;
sigemptyset(&newset);
sigaddset(&newset, sig);
sigprocmask(SIG_UNBLOCK, &newset, NULL);
VMError err(NULL, sig, NULL, info, ucVoid);
err.report_and_die();
} 在crash report中的信号错误提示
siginfo:si_signo=SIGSEGV: si_errno=0, si_code=1 (SEGV_MAPERR), si_addr=0x0000000000043566
信号的详细信息和si_addr 出错误的内存，都保存在siginfo_t的结构体中，也就是信号注册函数crash_handler里的参数info,内核会保存导致错误的内存地址在用户空间的信号结构体中siginfo_t，这样在进程在注册的信号处理函数中可以取得导致错误的地址。
c.寄存器信息
Registers:
RAX=0x00002aacb5ae5de2, RBX=0x00002aaaaf46aa48, RCX=0x0000000000000219, RDX=0x00002aaaaf46b920
RSP=0x0000000042d3f968, RBP=0x0000000042d3f9c8, RSI=0x0000000042d3f9e8, RDI=0x0000000045aef9b8
R8 =0x0000000000000f80, R9 =0x00002aaab3d30ce8, R10=0x00002aaaab138ea1, R11=0x00002b017ae65110
R12=0x0000000042d3f6f0, R13=0x00002aaaaf46aa48, R14=0x0000000042d3f9e8, R15=0x0000000045aef800
RIP=0x0000000000043566, EFL=0x0000000000010202, CSGSFS=0x0000000000000033, ERR=0x0000000000000014
TRAPNO=0x000000000000000e
寄存器的信息就保存在b部分的信号处理函数参数 (ucontext_t*)usVoid中
在X86架构下：
void os::print_context(outputStream *st, void *context) {
if (context == NULL) return;
ucontext_t *uc = (ucontext_t*)context;
st->print_cr("Registers:");
#ifdef AMD64
st->print( "RAX=" INTPTR_FORMAT, uc->uc_mcontext.gregs[REG_RAX]);
st->print(", RBX=" INTPTR_FORMAT, uc->uc_mcontext.gregs[REG_RBX]);
st->print(", RCX=" INTPTR_FORMAT, uc->uc_mcontext.gregs[REG_RCX]);
st->print(", RDX=" INTPTR_FORMAT, uc->uc_mcontext.gregs[REG_RDX]);
st->cr();
st->print( "RSP=" INTPTR_FORMAT, uc->uc_mcontext.gregs[REG_RSP]);
st->print(", RBP=" INTPTR_FORMAT, uc->uc_mcontext.gregs[REG_RBP]);
st->print(", RSI=" INTPTR_FORMAT, uc->uc_mcontext.gregs[REG_RSI]);
st->print(", RDI=" INTPTR_FORMAT, uc->uc_mcontext.gregs[REG_RDI]);
st->cr();
st->print( "R8 =" INTPTR_FORMAT, uc->uc_mcontext.gregs[REG_R8]);
st->print(", R9 =" INTPTR_FORMAT, uc->uc_mcontext.gregs[REG_R9]);
st->print(", R10=" INTPTR_FORMAT, uc->uc_mcontext.gregs[REG_R10]);
st->print(", R11=" INTPTR_FORMAT, uc->uc_mcontext.gregs[REG_R11]);
st->cr();
st->print( "R12=" INTPTR_FORMAT, uc->uc_mcontext.gregs[REG_R12]);
st->print(", R13=" INTPTR_FORMAT, uc->uc_mcontext.gregs[REG_R13]);
st->print(", R14=" INTPTR_FORMAT, uc->uc_mcontext.gregs[REG_R14]);
st->print(", R15=" INTPTR_FORMAT, uc->uc_mcontext.gregs[REG_R15]);
st->cr();
st->print( "RIP=" INTPTR_FORMAT, uc->uc_mcontext.gregs[REG_RIP]);
st->print(", EFL=" INTPTR_FORMAT, uc->uc_mcontext.gregs[REG_EFL]);
st->print(", CSGSFS=" INTPTR_FORMAT, uc->uc_mcontext.gregs[REG_CSGSFS]);
st->print(", ERR=" INTPTR_FORMAT, uc->uc_mcontext.gregs[REG_ERR]);
st->cr();
st->print(" TRAPNO=" INTPTR_FORMAT, uc->uc_mcontext.gregs[REG_TRAPNO]);
#else
st->print( "EAX=" INTPTR_FORMAT, uc->uc_mcontext.gregs[REG_EAX]);
st->print(", EBX=" INTPTR_FORMAT, uc->uc_mcontext.gregs[REG_EBX]);
st->print(", ECX=" INTPTR_FORMAT, uc->uc_mcontext.gregs[REG_ECX]);
st->print(", EDX=" INTPTR_FORMAT, uc->uc_mcontext.gregs[REG_EDX]);
st->cr();
st->print( "ESP=" INTPTR_FORMAT, uc->uc_mcontext.gregs[REG_UESP]);
st->print(", EBP=" INTPTR_FORMAT, uc->uc_mcontext.gregs[REG_EBP]);
st->print(", ESI=" INTPTR_FORMAT, uc->uc_mcontext.gregs[REG_ESI]);
st->print(", EDI=" INTPTR_FORMAT, uc->uc_mcontext.gregs[REG_EDI]);
st->cr();
st->print( "EIP=" INTPTR_FORMAT, uc->uc_mcontext.gregs[REG_EIP]);
st->print(", CR2=" INTPTR_FORMAT, uc->uc_mcontext.cr2);
st->print(", EFLAGS=" INTPTR_FORMAT, uc->uc_mcontext.gregs[REG_EFL]);
#endif // AMD64
st->cr();
st->cr();
intptr_t *sp = (intptr_t *)os::Linux::ucontext_get_sp(uc);
st->print_cr("Top of Stack: (sp=" PTR_FORMAT ")", sp);
print_hex_dump(st, (address)sp, (address)(sp + 8*sizeof(intptr_t)), sizeof(intptr_t));
st->cr();
// Note: it may be unsafe to inspect memory near pc. For example, pc may
// point to garbage if entry point in an nmethod is corrupted. Leave
// this at the end, and hope for the best.
address pc = os::Linux::ucontext_get_pc(uc);
st->print_cr("Instructions: (pc=" PTR_FORMAT ")", pc);
print_hex_dump(st, pc - 16, pc + 16, sizeof(char));
} 寄存器的信息在分析出错的时候是非常重要的
打印出执行附近的部分机器码
Instructions: (pc=0x00007f48f14ef51a)
0x00007f48f14ef4fa: 90 90 55 48 89 e5 48 81 ec 98 9f 00 00 48 89 bd
0x00007f48f14ef50a: f8 5f ff ff 48 89 b5 f0 5f ff ff b8 00 00 00 00
0x00007f48f14ef51a: c7 00 01 00 00 00 c6 85 00 60 ff ff ff c9 c3 90
0x00007f48f14ef52a: 90 90 90 90 90 90 55 48 89 e5 53 48 8d 1d 94 00
在instruction 部分中会打印出部分的机器码
格式是
地址：机器码
第一种使用udis库里带的udcli工具来反汇编
命令：
echo '90 90 55 48 89 e5 48 81 ec 98 9f 00 00 48 89 bd' | udcli -intel -x -64 -o 0x00007f48f14ef4fa
显示出对应的汇编
第二种可以用
objectdump -d -C libjvm.so >> jvmsodisass.dump
查找偏移地址 0x593045， 就是当时的执行的汇编，然后结合上下文，源码推测出问题的语句。
d.寄存器对应的内存的值
RAX=0x0000000000000000 is an unknown value
RBX=0x000000041a07d1e8 is an oop
{method}
- klass: {other class}
RCX=0x0000000000000000 is an unknown value
RDX=0x0000000040111800 is a thread
RSP=0x0000000041261b88 is pointing into the stack for thread: 0x0000000040111800
RBP=0x000000004126bb20 is pointing into the stack for thread: 0x0000000040111800
RSI=0x000000004126bb80 is pointing into the stack for thread: 0x0000000040111800
RDI=0x00000000401119d0 is an unknown value
R8 =0x0000000040111c40 is an unknown value
R9 =0x00007f48fcc8b550: in /usr/java/jdk1.6.0_30/jre/lib/amd64/server/libjvm.so at 0x00007f48fc206000
R10=0x00007f48f8ca7d41 is an Interpreter codelet
method entry point (kind = native) [0x00007f48f8ca7ae0, 0x00007f48f8ca8320] 2112 bytes
R11=0x00007f48fc98f270: in /usr/java/jdk1.6.0_30/jre/lib/amd64/server/libjvm.so at 0x00007f48fc206000
R12=0x0000000000000000 is an unknown value
R13=0x000000041a07d1e8 is an oop
{method}
- klass: {other class}
R14=0x000000004126bb88 is pointing into the stack for thread: 0x0000000040111800
R15=0x0000000040111800 is a thread jvm 会通过寄存器的值对找对应的对象，也是一个比较好的参考
e. 其他的信息
error 里面还有一些线程信息，还有当时内存映像信息，这些都可以作为分析的部分参考
crash 报告可以大概的反应出一个当时的情况，特别是在没有core dump的时候，是比较有助于帮助分析的，但如果有core dump的话，最终还是core dump能快速准确的发现问题原因。
以上就是本文的全部内容，希望本文的内容对大家的学习或者工作能带来一定的帮助，同时也希望多多支持创新互联！
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