设计模式（二）：观察者模式-创新互联

 在此种模式中，一个目标对象管理所有相依于它的观察者对象，并且在它本身的状态改变时主动发出通知。这通常透过呼叫各观察者所提供的方法来实现。此种模式通常被用来实作事件处理系统。

 通俗点来说，就是一个主题类(subject)在状态发生改变时，通过观察者(observer)提供的方法，来更新观察者的状态。首先观察者需要到主题类中注册。

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附带维基百科的代码：

python:相对简洁

class AbstractSubject(object):
    def register(self, listener):
        raise NotImplementedError("Must subclass me")
 
    def unregister(self, listener):
        raise NotImplementedError("Must subclass me")
 
    def notify_listeners(self,event):
        raise NotImplementedError("Must subclass me")
 
class Listener(object):
    def __init__(self, name, subject):
        self.name= name
        subject.register(self)
 
    def notify(self,event):
        print self.name,"received event", event 
class Subject(AbstractSubject):
    def __init__(self):
        self.listeners= []
        self.data= None
 
    def getUserAction(self):
        self.data= raw_input('Enter something to do:')
return self.data
 
    # Implementabstract Class AbstractSubject
 
    def register(self, listener):
        self.listeners.append(listener)
 
    def unregister(self, listener):
        self.listeners.remove(listener)
 
    def notify_listeners(self,event):
for listener in self.listeners:
            listener.notify(event)
 
 
if __name__=="__main__":
    # make a subjectobject to spy on
    subject= Subject()
 
    # register two listeners to monitor it.
    listenerA= Listener("", subject)
    listenerB= Listener("", subject)
 
    # simulatedevent
    subject.notify_listeners ("")
    # outputs:
    # received event 
    # received event 
 
    action= subject.getUserAction()
    subject.notify_listeners(action)
    #Enter something todo:hello
    # outputs:
    # received event hello
    # received event hello

C++代码，需要多理解：

#include 
#include
#include
#include
using namespace std;
 
// The Abstract Observerclass ObserverBoardInterface
{
public:
virtual void update(float a,float b,float c) = 0;
};
 
// Abstract Interface for Displaysclass DisplayBoardInterface
{
public:
virtual void show() = 0;
};
 
// The Abstract Subjectclass WeatherDataInterface
{
public:
virtual void registerob(ObserverBoardInterface* ob) = 0;
virtual void removeob(ObserverBoardInterface* ob) = 0;
virtual void notifyOb() = 0;
};
 
// The Concrete Subjectclass ParaWeatherData: public WeatherDataInterface
{
public:
void SensorDataChange(float a,float b,float c)
    {
        m_humidity= a;
        m_temperature= b;
        m_pressure= c;
        notifyOb();
    }
 
void registerob(ObserverBoardInterface* ob)
    {
        m_obs.push_back(ob);
    }
 
void removeob(ObserverBoardInterface* ob)
    {
        m_obs.remove(ob);
    }
protected:
void notifyOb()
    {
        list::iterator pos = m_obs.begin();
while (pos != m_obs.end())
        {
            ((ObserverBoardInterface* )(*pos))->update(m_humidity,m_temperature,m_pressure);
            (dynamic_cast(*pos))->show();
++pos;
        }
    }
 
private:
float        m_humidity;
float        m_temperature;
float        m_pressure;
    list m_obs;
};
 
// A Concrete Observerclass CurrentConditionBoard : public ObserverBoardInterface, public DisplayBoardInterface
{
public:
    CurrentConditionBoard(WeatherDataInterface& a):m_data(a)
    {
        m_data.registerob(this);
    }
void show()
    {
        cout<<"_____CurrentConditionBoard_____"<m_maxt)
        {
            m_maxt= t;
        }
if (tSensorDataChange(10.2, 28.2, 1001);
    wdata->SensorDataChange(12, 30.12, 1003);
    wdata->SensorDataChange(10.2, 26, 806);
    wdata->SensorDataChange(10.3, 35.9, 900);
 
    wdata->removeob(currentB);
 
    wdata->SensorDataChange(100, 40, 1900);  
 
    delete statisticB;
    delete currentB;
    delete wdata;
 
return 0;
}

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