创新互联的负载均衡（Server Load Balancing）是对多台云服务器（计算集群）进行流量分发的网络服务设备。它可以通过流量分发，快速提高应用系统对外的服务能力；隐藏实际服务端口，增强内部系统的安全性；通过消除服务单点故障，提升应用系统的可靠性。今天创新互联就给大家介绍下
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1 高可用MySQL安装配置
1.1 实验环境
云服务器角色 | 云服务器IP |
VIP | 192.168.8.200 |
Mycat1 | 192.168.8.22 |
Mycat2 | 192.168.8.23 |
Mysql1(Master1) | 192.168.8.24 |
Mysql2(Master2) | 192.168.8.25 |
Mysql3(Slave) | 192.168.8.26 |
1.2 Mysql安装配置
(192.168.8.24，192.168.8.25和192.168.8.26)三台服务器操作
1.2.1 Mysql安装
到官网下载mysql的yum源
https://www.mysql.com/
安装yum源rpm软件
rpm-ivh mysql57-community-release-el7-11.noarch.rpm
yum安装mysql
yuminstall mysql-community-server
1.2.2 Mysql初始化
启动mysql
systemctlstart mysqld
获取root密码
cat/var/log/mysqld.log | grep "temporary password"
2017-07-06T03:23:46.053467Z1 [Note] A temporary password is generated for root@localhost: iGUl/j*_r1*z
修改root密码
mysql–uroot –p
SETPASSWORD=PASSWORD('newpassword');
1.3 Mysql主主配置
(192.168.8.24和192.168.8.25)两台服务器操作
1.3.1 Mysql配置
192.168.8.24配置：
vi/etc/my.cnf
增加如下内容：
[mysqld] symbolic-links=0 log-error=/var/log/mysqld.log pid-file=/var/run/mysqld/mysqld.pid server_id = 1 log-bin=mysql-bing log_bin_trust_function_creators=TRUE log-slave-updates sync_binlog=1 auto_increment_offset=1 auto_increment_increment=2 slave-skip-errors=all lower_case_table_names=1 character_set_server=utf8 skip-name-resolve [mysql] default-character-set=utf8 [mysqld_safe] default-character-set=utf8 [mysql.server] default-character-set=utf8 [client] default-character-set=utf8 |
192.168.8.25配置：
vi/etc/my.cnf
增加如下内容：
symbolic-links=0 log-error=/var/log/mysqld.log pid-file=/var/run/mysqld/mysqld.pid server_id = 2 log-bin=mysql-bing log_bin_trust_function_creators=TRUE log-slave-updates sync_binlog=1 auto_increment_offset=1 auto_increment_increment=2 slave-skip-errors=all lower_case_table_names=1 character_set_server = utf8 skip-name-resolve [mysql] default-character-set=utf8 [mysqld_safe] default-character-set=utf8 [mysql.server] default-character-set = utf8 [client] default-character-set = utf8 |
服务器1（192.168.8.24）和服务器2（192.168.8.25）重启服务：
systemctlrestart mysqld
1.3.2 Sql配置
服务器1（192.168.8.24）操作：
mysql–u root –p
mysql>GRANT REPLICATION SLAVE ON *.* to 'repluser'@'192.168.8.25' identified by'123456';
mysql>flush privileges;
mysql>flush tables with read lock; #防止进入新的数据
#查看bin文件和position，之后需要用到
mysql>SHOW MASTER STATUS;
+------------------+----------+--------------+------------------+
|File | Position |Binlog_Do_DB | Binlog_Ignore_DB |
+------------------+----------+--------------+------------------+
| mysql-bin.000004 | 106| | |
+------------------+----------+--------------+------------------+
服务器2（192.168.8.25）操作：
mysql–u root –p
mysql>GRANT REPLICATION SLAVE ON *.* to 'repluser'@'192.168.8.24' identified by'123456';
mysql>flush privileges;
mysql>flush tables with read lock; #防止进入新的数据
#查看bin文件和position，之后需要用到
mysql>SHOW MASTER STATUS;
+------------------+----------+--------------+------------------+
|File | Position |Binlog_Do_DB | Binlog_Ignore_DB |
+------------------+----------+--------------+------------------+
| mysql-bin.000004 | 350 | | |
+------------------+----------+--------------+------------------+
服务器1（192.168.8.24）操作：
mysql>CHANGE MASTER TO MASTER_HOST='192.168.8.25',MASTER_USER='repluser',MASTER_PASSWORD='123456',MASTER_LOG_FILE='mysql-bin.000004',MASTER_LOG_POS=350,MASTER_PORT=3306;
服务器2（192.168.8.25）操作：
mysql>CHANGE MASTER TOMASTER_HOST='192.168.8.24',MASTER_USER='repluser',MASTER_PASSWORD='123456',MASTER_LOG_FILE='mysql-bin.000004',MASTER_LOG_POS=106,MASTER_PORT=3306;
服务器1（192.168.8.24）和服务器2（192.168.8.25）分别操作：
mysql> unlock tables;
mysql> start slave;
mysql> show slave status\G;
*************************** 1.row ***************************
主要关注以下 2 个参数：
...
...
Slave_IO_Running: Yes
Slave_SQL_Running: Yes
...
...
1.3.3 测试
服务器1（192.168.8.24）新增加库：
mysql>show databases;
+--------------------+
|Database |
+--------------------+
|information_schema |
|mysql |
|test |
+--------------------+
mysql>create database tom;
mysql>show databases;
+--------------------+
|Database |
+--------------------+
|information_schema |
|mysql |
|test |
|tom |
+--------------------+
服务器2（192.168.8.25）查看自动新增加库：
mysql>show databases;
+--------------------+
|Database |
+--------------------+
|information_schema |
|mysql |
|test |
|tom |
+--------------------+
服务器2（192.168.8.25）将新增加库删除：
mysql>drop database tom;
mysql>show databases;
+--------------------+
|Database |
+--------------------+
|information_schema |
|mysql |
|test |
+--------------------+
服务器1（192.168.8.24）将自动删除：
mysql>show databases;
+--------------------+
|Database |
+--------------------+
|information_schema |
|mysql |
|test |
+--------------------+
至此说明双方同步成功
1.4 Mysql主从配置
(192.168.8.24和192.168.8.26)两台服务器操作
1.4.1 Mysql配置
192.168.8.24配置在上节已经完成。略过
192.168.8.26配置：
vi/etc/my.cnf
增加如下内容：
[mysqld] symbolic-links=0 log-error=/var/log/mysqld.log pid-file=/var/run/mysqld/mysqld.pid server_id = 3 log-bin=mysql-bing log_bin_trust_function_creators=TRUE log-slave-updates sync_binlog=1 auto_increment_offset=1 auto_increment_increment=2 slave-skip-errors=all lower_case_table_names=1 character_set_server = utf8 skip-name-resolve [mysql] default-character-set=utf8 [mysqld_safe] default-character-set=utf8 [mysql.server] default-character-set = utf8 [client] default-character-set = utf8 |
重启服务
systemctlrestart mysqld
1.4.2 Sql配置
服务器1（192.168.8.24）操作：
mysql–u root –p
mysql>GRANT REPLICATION SLAVE ON *.* to 'repluser'@'192.168.8.26' identified by'123456';
mysql>flush privileges;
mysql>flush tables with read lock; #防止进入新的数据
#查看bin文件和position，之后需要用到
mysql>SHOW MASTER STATUS;
+------------------+----------+--------------+------------------+
|File | Position |Binlog_Do_DB | Binlog_Ignore_DB |
+------------------+----------+--------------+------------------+
| mysql-bin.000004 | 106| | |
+------------------+----------+--------------+------------------+
服务器2（192.168.8.26）操作：
mysql>CHANGE MASTER TO MASTER_HOST='192.168.8.24',MASTER_USER='repluser',MASTER_PASSWORD='123456',MASTER_LOG_FILE='mysql-bin.000004',MASTER_LOG_POS=106,MASTER_PORT=3306;
服务器1（192.168.8.24）操作：
mysql>unlock tables;
服务器2（192.168.8.26）操作：
mysql>start slave;
mysql>show slave status\G;
***************************1. row ***************************
主要关注以下 2 个参数：
...
...
Slave_IO_Running:Yes
Slave_SQL_Running:Yes
...
...
1.4.3 测试
服务器1（192.168.8.24）新增加库：
mysql>show databases;
+--------------------+
|Database |
+--------------------+
|information_schema |
|mysql |
|test |
+--------------------+
mysql>create database tom;
mysql>show databases;
+--------------------+
|Database |
+--------------------+
|information_schema |
|mysql |
|test |
|tom |
+--------------------+
服务器2（192.168.8.26）查看自动新增加库：
mysql>show databases;
+--------------------+
|Database |
+--------------------+
|information_schema |
|mysql |
|test |
|tom |
+--------------------+
1.5 Mycat安装配置
(192.168.8.22和192.168.8.23)两台服务器操作
1.5.1 Mycat安装
安装java
yuminstall java-1.8.0-openjdk
下载mycat：
http://dl.mycat.io/
解压安装包
tarzxvf Mycat-server-1.7.0-DEV-20170416134921-linux.tar.gz
mvMycat /usr/local/mycat
配置环境变量
vi/etc/profile,在系统环境变量文件中增加 MYCAT_HOME=/usr/local/mycat
1.5.2 Mycat配置
cd/usr/local/mycat/conf
viserver.xml
修改如下配置
Test@123 tom,test（有多个数据库可以添加多个逻辑库） user tom,test true |
vischema.xml
只保留以下配置读写分离，其他删除
writeType="0" dbType="mysql" dbDriver="native" switchType="1" slaveThreshold="100"> select user() password="Test@123"> password="Test@123" /> |
启动mycat
/usr/local/mycat/bin/mycatstart
1.6 keepalived安装配置
1.6.1 实验环境
服务器角色 | 服务器IP |
VIP1 | 192.168.8.200 |
LVS1 | 192.168.8.10 |
LVS2 | 192.168.8.11 |
1.6.2 安装keepalived
yuminstall -y keepalived ipvsadm
1.6.3 配置keepalived
vim/etc/keepalived/keepalived.conf
LVS-DR-Master上，其配置如下（192.168.8.10操作）：
! Configuration File for keepalived global_defs { notification_email { acassen@firewall.loc failover@firewall.loc sysadmin@firewall.loc } notification_email_from Alexandre.Cassen@firewall.loc smtp_server 192.168.200.1 smtp_connect_timeout 30 router_id LVS_DEVEL } vrrp_instance VI_1 { state BACKUP interface ens160 virtual_router_id 51 priority 100 advert_int 1 authentication { auth_type PASS auth_pass 123456 } virtual_ipaddress { 192.168.8.100 192.168.8.200 } } virtual_server 192.168.8.100 80 { delay_loop 6 lb_algo rr lb_kind DR nat_mask 255.255.255.0 persistence_timeout 50 protocol TCP real_server 192.168.8.12 80 { weight 1 TCP_CHECK { connect_timeout 3 nb_get_retry 3 delay_before_retry 3 connect_port 80 } } real_server 192.168.8.13 80 { weight 1 TCP_CHECK { connect_timeout 3 nb_get_retry 3 delay_before_retry 3 connect_port 80 } } } virtual_server 192.168.8.100 21 { delay_loop 6 lb_algo rr lb_kind DR nat_mask 255.255.255.0 persistence_timeout 50 protocol TCP real_server 192.168.8.12 21 { weight 1 TCP_CHECK { connect_timeout 3 nb_get_retry 3 delay_before_retry 3 connect_port 21 } } real_server 192.168.8.13 21 { weight 1 TCP_CHECK { connect_timeout 3 nb_get_retry 3 delay_before_retry 3 connect_port 21 } } } virtual_server 192.168.8.200 8066 { delay_loop 6 lb_algo rr lb_kind DR nat_mask 255.255.255.0 persistence_timeout 50 protocol TCP real_server 192.168.8.22 8066 { weight 1 TCP_CHECK { connect_timeout 3 nb_get_retry 3 delay_before_retry 3 connect_port 8066 } } real_server 192.168.8.23 8066 { weight 1 TCP_CHECK { connect_timeout 3 nb_get_retry 3 delay_before_retry 3 connect_port 8066 } } } |
LVS-DR-Backup上，其配置如下（192.168.8.11操作）：
! Configuration File for keepalived global_defs { notification_email { acassen@firewall.loc failover@firewall.loc sysadmin@firewall.loc } notification_email_from Alexandre.Cassen@firewall.loc smtp_server 192.168.200.1 smtp_connect_timeout 30 router_id LVS_DEVEL } vrrp_instance VI_1 { state BACKUP interface ens160 virtual_router_id 51 priority 90 advert_int 1 authentication { auth_type PASS auth_pass 123456 } virtual_ipaddress { 192.168.8.100 192.168.8.200 } } virtual_server 192.168.8.100 80 { delay_loop 6 lb_algo rr lb_kind DR nat_mask 255.255.255.0 persistence_timeout 50 protocol TCP real_server 192.168.8.12 80 { weight 1 TCP_CHECK { connect_timeout 3 nb_get_retry 3 delay_before_retry 3 connect_port 80 } } real_server 192.168.8.13 80 { weight 1 TCP_CHECK { connect_timeout 3 nb_get_retry 3 delay_before_retry 3 connect_port 80 } } } virtual_server 192.168.8.100 21 { delay_loop 6 lb_algo rr lb_kind DR nat_mask 255.255.255.0 persistence_timeout 50 protocol TCP real_server 192.168.8.12 21 { weight 1 TCP_CHECK { connect_timeout 3 nb_get_retry 3 delay_before_retry 3 connect_port 21 } } real_server 192.168.8.13 21 { weight 1 TCP_CHECK { connect_timeout 3 nb_get_retry 3 delay_before_retry 3 connect_port 21 } } } virtual_server 192.168.8.200 8066 { delay_loop 6 lb_algo rr lb_kind DR nat_mask 255.255.255.0 persistence_timeout 50 protocol TCP real_server 192.168.8.22 8066 { weight 1 TCP_CHECK { connect_timeout 3 nb_get_retry 3 delay_before_retry 3 connect_port 8066 } } real_server 192.168.8.23 8066 { weight 1 TCP_CHECK { connect_timeout 3 nb_get_retry 3 delay_before_retry 3 connect_port 8066 } } } |
1.6.4 虚拟IP脚本
mycat服务器(192.168.8.22和192.168.8.23)操作
chmod+x /etc/rc.d/init.d/functions
vi/usr/local/bin/realserver.sh
#!/bin/bash #description: Config realserver VIP=192.168.8.200 /etc/rc.d/init.d/functions case "$1" in start) /sbin/ifconfig lo:0 $VIP netmask 255.255.255.255 broadcast $VIP /sbin/route add -host $VIP dev lo:0 echo "1" >/proc/sys/net/ipv4/conf/lo/arp_ignore echo "2" >/proc/sys/net/ipv4/conf/lo/arp_announce echo "1" >/proc/sys/net/ipv4/conf/all/arp_ignore echo "2" >/proc/sys/net/ipv4/conf/all/arp_announce sysctl -p >/dev/null 2>&1 echo "RealServer Start OK" ;; stop) /sbin/ifconfig lo:0 down /sbin/route del $VIP >/dev/null 2>&1 echo "0" >/proc/sys/net/ipv4/conf/lo/arp_ignore echo "0" >/proc/sys/net/ipv4/conf/lo/arp_announce echo "0" >/proc/sys/net/ipv4/conf/all/arp_ignore echo "0" >/proc/sys/net/ipv4/conf/all/arp_announce echo "RealServer Stoped" ;; *) echo "Usage: $0 {start|stop}" exit 1 esac exit 0 |
启动脚本
/usr/local/bin/realserver.shstart
1.6.5 启动keepalived
LVS-DR-Master（192.168.8.22）和LVS-DR-Backup（192.168.8.13）分别操作：
/etc/init.d/keepalivedstart
通过ipvsadm -L命令查看VIP是否能成功映射到后端服务。如果失败了，可通过/var/log/messages日志定位keepalived启动失败的原因。
IPVirtual Server version 1.2.1 (size=4096)
ProtLocalAddress:Port Scheduler Flags
-> RemoteAddress:Port Forward Weight ActiveConn InActConn
TCP 123.com:8066 rr
-> 192.168.8.22:8066 Route 1 0 0
-> 192.168.8.23:8066 Route 1 0 0
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