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Dynamips模拟器

Cisco IOS Software, 3700 Software (C3745-ADVIPSERVICESK9-M), Version 12.4(4)T, RELEASE SOFTWARE (fc1)

拓扑结构

如下图所示，R1与R2之间使用静态路由（默认路由），R1与R3之间使用RIP，R1与R4之间使用EIGRP，R1与R5之间使用OSPF。

操作过程如下

一、基本配置

按网络拓扑图设置端口IP，确保相邻端口之间能够相互ping通。

配置略。

二、路由配置

为方便测试，在配置动态路由时，使用no auto-summary命令关闭自动汇总（OSPF默认是不汇总的，也没有no auto-summary命令）。

R1，各端口分别按要求配置不同的路由

R1(config)#ip route 2.2.2.0 255.255.255.0 192.168.2.2

R1(config)#router rip

R1(config-router)#net 192.168.3.0

R1(config-router)#version 2

R1(config-router)#no auto-summary

R1(config-router)#exit

R1(config)#router eigrp 100

R1(config-router)#net 192.168.4.0

R1(config-router)#no auto-summary

R1(config-router)#exit

R1(config)#router ospf 1

R1(config-router)#net 192.168.5.0 0.0.0.255 area 0

R1(config-router)#exit

------------------------------------

R2，配置默认路由

R2(config)#ip route 0.0.0.0 0.0.0.0 192.168.2.1

------------------------------------

R3，配置RIP

R3(config)#router rip

R3(config-router)#net 192.168.3.0

R3(config-router)#net 3.3.3.0

R3(config-router)#version 2

R3(config-router)#no auto-summary

R3(config-router)#exit

------------------------------------

R4，配置EIGRP

R4(config)#router eigrp 100

R4(config-router)#net 192.168.4.0

*Mar  1 00:17:48.019: %DUAL-5-NBRCHANGE: IP-EIGRP(0) 100: Neighbor 192.168.4.1 (FastEthernet1/4) is up: new adjacency

R4(config-router)#net 4.4.4.0

R4(config-router)#no auto-summary

*Mar  1 01:08:34.239: %DUAL-5-NBRCHANGE: IP-EIGRP(0) 100: Neighbor 192.168.4.1 (FastEthernet1/4) is resync: summary configured

R4(config-router)#exit

------------------------------------

R5，配置OSPF

R5(config)#router ospf 1

R5(config-router)#net 192.168.5.0 0.0.0.255 area 0

*Mar  1 00:19:05.547: %OSPF-5-ADJCHG: Process 1, Nbr 192.168.5.1 on FastEthernet1/5 from LOADING to FULL, Loading Done

R5(config-router)#net 5.5.5.0 0.0.0.255 area 0

R5(config-router)#exit

------------------------------------

配置好路由后，因为R1处于网络边界，且同时运行了不同的路由协议，所在R1可以学习到整个网络的完整路由。show ip route命令查看R1路由，如下：

R1#sh ip route

Codes: C - connected, S - static, R - RIP, M - mobile, B - BGP

D - EIGRP, EX - EIGRP external, O - OSPF, IA - OSPF inter area

N1 - OSPF NSSA external type 1, N2 - OSPF NSSA external type 2

E1 - OSPF external type 1, E2 - OSPF external type 2

i - IS-IS, su - IS-IS summary, L1 - IS-IS level-1, L2 - IS-IS level-2

ia - IS-IS inter area, * - candidate default, U - per-user static route

o - ODR, P - periodic downloaded static route

Gateway of last resort is not set

2.0.0.0/24 is subnetted, 1 subnets

S       2.2.2.0 [1/0] via 192.168.2.2

3.0.0.0/24 is subnetted, 1 subnets

R       3.3.3.0 [120/1] via 192.168.3.3, 00:00:28, FastEthernet1/3

4.0.0.0/24 is subnetted, 1 subnets

D       4.4.4.0 [90/156160] via 192.168.4.4, 00:02:16, FastEthernet1/4

5.0.0.0/32 is subnetted, 1 subnets

O       5.5.5.5 [110/2] via 192.168.5.5, 01:09:20, FastEthernet1/5

C    192.168.4.0/24 is directly connected, FastEthernet1/4

C    192.168.5.0/24 is directly connected, FastEthernet1/5

C    192.168.2.0/24 is directly connected, FastEthernet1/2

C    192.168.3.0/24 is directly connected, FastEthernet1/3

------------------------------------

R2、R3、R4、R5之间，由于路由协议的不相同，当前情况下是相互看不到的。需要在R1上进行重分发。

三、配置重分发

重分发的配置是在边界路由器，即R1上设置的。

1、静态路由与RIP的重分发

R1(config)#router rip

R1(config-router)#redistribute connected  !把直连路由分布到路由协议中

R1(config-router)#redistribute static  ！将静态路由重分发到RIP中

------------------------------------

配置结束后，在R2仍然只能看默认路由，但R3上已经可以看到到达R2的路由了，并且R2 ping 3.3.3.3，R3 ping 2.2.2.2都是通的。

另外，配置结束后，在R3上也可以看到到达192.168.4.0、192.168.5.0网段的路由，但此时的R3并不能ping通R4、R5，是因为R1没有对ospf、eigrp进行重分发。

查看此时R2和R3的路由表及ping测试：

R2#sh ip route

……

2.0.0.0/24 is subnetted, 1 subnets

C       2.2.2.0 is directly connected, Loopback0

C    192.168.2.0/24 is directly connected, FastEthernet1/2

S*   0.0.0.0/0 [1/0] via 192.168.2.1

------------------------------------

R2#ping 3.3.3.3

Type escape sequence to abort.

Sending 5, 100-byte ICMP Echos to 3.3.3.3, timeout is 2 seconds:

!!!!!

Success rate is 100 percent (5/5), round-trip min/avg/max = 16/34/64 ms

------------------------------------

R3#sh ip route

……

R    2.0.0.0/8 [120/1] via 192.168.3.1, 00:00:08, FastEthernet1/3

3.0.0.0/24 is subnetted, 1 subnets

C       3.3.3.0 is directly connected, Loopback0

R    192.168.4.0/24 [120/1] via 192.168.3.1, 00:00:08, FastEthernet1/3

R    192.168.5.0/24 [120/1] via 192.168.3.1, 00:00:08, FastEthernet1/3

R    192.168.2.0/24 [120/1] via 192.168.3.1, 00:00:08, FastEthernet1/3

C    192.168.3.0/24 is directly connected, FastEthernet1/3

------------------------------------

R3#ping 2.2.2.2

Type escape sequence to abort.

Sending 5, 100-byte ICMP Echos to 2.2.2.2, timeout is 2 seconds:

!!!!!

Success rate is 100 percent (5/5), round-trip min/avg/max = 16/39/64 ms

------------------------------------

2、静态路由与EIGRP的重分发

R1(config)#router eigrp 100

R1(config-router)#redistribute connected

R1(config-router)#redistribute static ！将静态路由重分发到eigrp中

------------------------------------

配置结束后，在R2上仍然只能看默认路由，但R4上已经可以看见到达R2的路由了，并且R2 ping 4.4.4.4，R4 ping 2.2.2.2都是通的。

查看此时R4的路由表：

R4#sh ip route

……

2.0.0.0/24 is subnetted, 1 subnets

D EX    2.2.2.0 [170/30720] via 192.168.4.1, 01:14:10, FastEthernet1/4

4.0.0.0/24 is subnetted, 1 subnets

C       4.4.4.0 is directly connected, Loopback0

C    192.168.4.0/24 is directly connected, FastEthernet1/4

D EX 192.168.5.0/24 [170/30720] via 192.168.4.1, 01:14:10, FastEthernet1/4

D EX 192.168.2.0/24 [170/30720] via 192.168.4.1, 01:14:10, FastEthernet1/4

D EX 192.168.3.0/24 [170/30720] via 192.168.4.1, 01:14:10, FastEthernet1/4

------------------------------------

3、静态路由与OSPF的重分发

R1(config)#router ospf 1

R1(config-router)#redistribute connected

% Only classful networks will be redistributed

R1(config-router)#redistribute static subnets  ！将静态路由重分发到ospf中

% Only classful networks will be redistributed

------------------------------------

注意，把路由重分发到OSPF中，后面要写subnets选项，否则除主类以外的子网不能被重新分发进路由表。以上命令中，如果不加subnets字段，R2可ping 通5.5.5.5，但R5 ping 不通2.2.2.2（R5可以ping通R2）。

配置结束后，在R2上仍然只能看静态路由（默认路由），但R5上已经可以看见到达R2的路由了，并且R2 ping 5.5.5.5，R5 ping 2.2.2.2都是通的。

查看此时R5的路由表：

R5#sh ip route

……

5.0.0.0/24 is subnetted, 1 subnets

C       5.5.5.0 is directly connected, Loopback0

O E2 192.168.4.0/24 [110/20] via 192.168.5.1, 01:14:13, FastEthernet1/5

C    192.168.5.0/24 is directly connected, FastEthernet1/5

O E2 192.168.2.0/24 [110/20] via 192.168.5.1, 01:14:13, FastEthernet1/5

O E2 192.168.3.0/24 [110/20] via 192.168.5.1, 01:14:13, FastEthernet1/5

------------------------------------

4、RIP与EIGRP重分发

R1(config)#router rip

R1(config-router)#redistribute eigrp 100 metric 10  ！将eigrp重分发到rip

R1(config-router)#exit

R1(config)#router eigrp 100

R1(config-router)#redistribute rip metric 10000 100 255 1 1500  ！将rip重分发到eigrp

------------------------------------

注意，将eigrp重分发到rip时，必须指明度量，即命令redistribute eigrp 100 metric 10，如果没有“metric 10”，则R3看不到R4的路由。

重分发路由协议到eigrp时，也必须指度量，并且要指明带宽等，命令“metric 10000 100 255 1 1500”中的五个参数一定要正确，否则会报错“% Incomplete command”。这五个参数中，唯一可以修改的是带宽值，可根据实际情况设置，其他4个参数不能改。五个参数如下：

Bandwidth in kilobytes=10000

Delay in 10s of microseconds=100

Reliability=255(maximum)

Loading=1(minimum)

Maximum Transmission Unit=1500

配置完成后，在R3、R4上可以看到彼此之间的路由了。

查看此时R3及R4的路由表：

R3#sh ip route

……

2.0.0.0/24 is subnetted, 1 subnets

R       2.2.2.0 [120/1] via 192.168.3.1, 00:00:23, FastEthernet1/3

3.0.0.0/24 is subnetted, 1 subnets

C       3.3.3.0 is directly connected, Loopback0

4.0.0.0/24 is subnetted, 1 subnets

R       4.4.4.0 [120/10] via 192.168.3.1, 00:00:23, FastEthernet1/3

R    192.168.4.0/24 [120/1] via 192.168.3.1, 00:00:23, FastEthernet1/3

R    192.168.5.0/24 [120/1] via 192.168.3.1, 00:00:23, FastEthernet1/3

R    192.168.2.0/24 [120/1] via 192.168.3.1, 00:00:23, FastEthernet1/3

C    192.168.3.0/24 is directly connected, FastEthernet1/3

------------------------------------

R4#sh ip route

……

2.0.0.0/24 is subnetted, 1 subnets

D EX    2.2.2.0 [170/30720] via 192.168.4.1, 01:32:39, FastEthernet1/4

3.0.0.0/24 is subnetted, 1 subnets

D EX    3.3.3.0 [170/284160] via 192.168.4.1, 00:02:12, FastEthernet1/4

4.0.0.0/24 is subnetted, 1 subnets

C       4.4.4.0 is directly connected, Loopback0

C    192.168.4.0/24 is directly connected, FastEthernet1/4

D EX 192.168.5.0/24 [170/30720] via 192.168.4.1, 01:32:39, FastEthernet1/4

D EX 192.168.2.0/24 [170/30720] via 192.168.4.1, 01:32:39, FastEthernet1/4

D EX 192.168.3.0/24 [170/30720] via 192.168.4.1, 01:32:39, FastEthernet1/4

------------------------------------

5、RIP与OSPF重分发

R1(config)#router rip

R1(config-router)#redistribute ospf 1 metric 10

R1(config-router)#exit

R1(config)#router ospf 1

R1(config-router)#redistribute rip metric 200 subnets

------------------------------------

注意，将ospf重分发到rip时，必须指明度量，即命令redistribute ospf 1 metric 10。

将rip重分发到ospf时，也必须指度量，并且使用subnets选项，否则R5看不到R3的路由。subnets选项可以确保RIP网络中的无类子网路由能够正确的被发布。

配置完成后，在R3、R5上可以看到彼此之间的路由了。

R3#sh ip route

……

2.0.0.0/24 is subnetted, 1 subnets

R       2.2.2.0 [120/1] via 192.168.3.1, 00:00:08, FastEthernet1/3

3.0.0.0/24 is subnetted, 1 subnets

C       3.3.3.0 is directly connected, Loopback0

4.0.0.0/24 is subnetted, 1 subnets

R       4.4.4.0 [120/10] via 192.168.3.1, 00:00:08, FastEthernet1/3

5.0.0.0/32 is subnetted, 1 subnets

R       5.5.5.5 [120/10] via 192.168.3.1, 00:00:08, FastEthernet1/3

R    192.168.4.0/24 [120/1] via 192.168.3.1, 00:00:08, FastEthernet1/3

R    192.168.5.0/24 [120/1] via 192.168.3.1, 00:00:08, FastEthernet1/3

R    192.168.2.0/24 [120/1] via 192.168.3.1, 00:00:08, FastEthernet1/3

C    192.168.3.0/24 is directly connected, FastEthernet1/3

------------------------------------

R5#sh ip route

……

3.0.0.0/24 is subnetted, 1 subnets

O E2    3.3.3.0 [110/200] via 192.168.5.1, 00:00:43, FastEthernet1/5

5.0.0.0/24 is subnetted, 1 subnets

C       5.5.5.0 is directly connected, Loopback0

O E2 192.168.4.0/24 [110/20] via 192.168.5.1, 01:38:10, FastEthernet1/5

C    192.168.5.0/24 is directly connected, FastEthernet1/5

O E2 192.168.2.0/24 [110/20] via 192.168.5.1, 01:38:10, FastEthernet1/5

O E2 192.168.3.0/24 [110/20] via 192.168.5.1, 01:38:10, FastEthernet1/5

------------------------------------

6、EIGRP与OSPF重分发

R1(config)#router eigrp 100

R1(config-router)#redistribute ospf 1 metric 10000 100 255 1 1500

R1(config-router)#exit

R1(config)#router ospf 1

R1(config-router)#redistribute eigrp 100 metric 200 subnets

------------------------------------

注意，如前面所说，将路由向eigrp重分发时，带宽、延迟等五个参数一定要正确。将路由向ospf重分发时，后面要写subnets选项。

配置完成后，在R4、R5上可以看到彼此之间的路由了。

R4#sh ip route

……

2.0.0.0/24 is subnetted, 1 subnets

D EX    2.2.2.0 [170/30720] via 192.168.4.1, 01:51:06, FastEthernet1/4

3.0.0.0/24 is subnetted, 1 subnets

D EX    3.3.3.0 [170/284160] via 192.168.4.1, 00:20:39, FastEthernet1/4

4.0.0.0/24 is subnetted, 1 subnets

C       4.4.4.0 is directly connected, Loopback0

5.0.0.0/32 is subnetted, 1 subnets

D EX    5.5.5.5 [170/284160] via 192.168.4.1, 00:03:03, FastEthernet1/4

C    192.168.4.0/24 is directly connected, FastEthernet1/4

D EX 192.168.5.0/24 [170/30720] via 192.168.4.1, 01:51:06, FastEthernet1/4

D EX 192.168.2.0/24 [170/30720] via 192.168.4.1, 01:51:06, FastEthernet1/4

D EX 192.168.3.0/24 [170/30720] via 192.168.4.1, 01:51:06, FastEthernet1/4

------------------------------------

R5#sh ip route

……

3.0.0.0/24 is subnetted, 1 subnets

O E2    3.3.3.0 [110/200] via 192.168.5.1, 00:07:21, FastEthernet1/5

4.0.0.0/24 is subnetted, 1 subnets

O E2    4.4.4.0 [110/200] via 192.168.5.1, 00:02:27, FastEthernet1/5

5.0.0.0/24 is subnetted, 1 subnets

C       5.5.5.0 is directly connected, Loopback0

O E2 192.168.4.0/24 [110/20] via 192.168.5.1, 01:50:19, FastEthernet1/5

C    192.168.5.0/24 is directly connected, FastEthernet1/5

O E2 192.168.2.0/24 [110/20] via 192.168.5.1, 01:50:19, FastEthernet1/5

O E2 192.168.3.0/24 [110/20] via 192.168.5.1, 01:50:19, FastEthernet1/5

------------------------------------

至此，整个网络实现互通。