这篇文章主要介绍JAVA并发工具常用设计的示例分析，文中介绍的非常详细，具有一定的参考价值，感兴趣的小伙伴们一定要看完！
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前言
在学习JAVA并发工具时，分析JUC下的源码，发现有三个利器：状态、队列、CAS。
状态
一般是state属性，如AQS源码中的状态，是整个工具的核心，一般操作的执行都要看当前状态是什么，
由于状态是多线程共享的，所以都是volatile修饰，保证线程直接内存可见。
/**
* AbstractQueuedSynchronizer中的状态
*/
private volatile int state;
/**
* Status field, taking on only the values:
* SIGNAL: The successor of this node is (or will soon be)
* blocked (via park), so the current node must
* unpark its successor when it releases or
* cancels. To avoid races, acquire methods must
* first indicate they need a signal,
* then retry the atomic acquire, and then,
* on failure, block.
* CANCELLED: This node is cancelled due to timeout or interrupt.
* Nodes never leave this state. In particular,
* a thread with cancelled node never again blocks.
* CONDITION: This node is currently on a condition queue.
* It will not be used as a sync queue node
* until transferred, at which time the status
* will be set to 0. (Use of this value here has
* nothing to do with the other uses of the
* field, but simplifies mechanics.)
* PROPAGATE: A releaseShared should be propagated to other
* nodes. This is set (for head node only) in
* doReleaseShared to ensure propagation
* continues, even if other operations have
* since intervened.
* 0: None of the above
*
* The values are arranged numerically to simplify use.
* Non-negative values mean that a node doesn't need to
* signal. So, most code doesn't need to check for particular
* values, just for sign.
*
* The field is initialized to 0 for normal sync nodes, and
* CONDITION for condition nodes. It is modified using CAS
* (or when possible, unconditional volatile writes).
*/
volatile int waitStatus;
队列
队列一般由链表实现（单向链表，双向链表），在线程获取不到想要的资源或者状态时，将线程封装成特定节点，扔到等待队列中，等待时机成熟，再从队列中取出，是悲观锁思想。
如AQS中的Node节点，代码太长就不贴了。
CAS
CAS操作是乐观锁思想，是轻量级的并发处理。一般用于对上述状态的修改，而且能保证有且只有一个线程能修改这个状态。
一般由Unsafe类中的compareAndSwap之类的方法实现。使用CAS,往往伴随自旋，如果修改状态失败，则不断地重试，直到修改状态成功。
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