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实验步骤如下：
1、使用rman备份全库
Recovery Manager: Release 11.2.0.3.0 - Production on Sun Jun 8 15:30:35 2014 Copyright (c) 1982, 2011, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. connected to target database: PROD (DBID=254815294) RMAN> backup database; Starting backup at 08-JUN-14 using target database control file instead of recovery catalog allocated channel: ORA_DISK_1 channel ORA_DISK_1: SID=142 device type=DISK channel ORA_DISK_1: starting full datafile backup set channel ORA_DISK_1: specifying datafile(s) in backup set input datafile file number=00001 name=/u01/app/oracle/oradata/PROD/system01.dbf input datafile file number=00005 name=/u01/app/oracle/oradata/PROD/tp01.dbf input datafile file number=00002 name=/u01/app/oracle/oradata/PROD/sysaux01.dbf input datafile file number=00003 name=/u01/app/oracle/oradata/PROD/undotbs01.dbf input datafile file number=00004 name=/u01/app/oracle/oradata/PROD/users01.dbf channel ORA_DISK_1: starting piece 1 at 08-JUN-14 channel ORA_DISK_1: finished piece 1 at 08-JUN-14 piece handle=/u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/dbs/01pab691_1_1 tag=TAG20140608T153040 comment=NONE channel ORA_DISK_1: backup set complete, elapsed time: 00:00:25 channel ORA_DISK_1: starting full datafile backup set channel ORA_DISK_1: specifying datafile(s) in backup set including current control file in backup set including current SPFILE in backup set channel ORA_DISK_1: starting piece 1 at 08-JUN-14 channel ORA_DISK_1: finished piece 1 at 08-JUN-14 piece handle=/u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/dbs/02pab69q_1_1 tag=TAG20140608T153040 comment=NONE channel ORA_DISK_1: backup set complete, elapsed time: 00:00:01 Finished backup at 08-JUN-14
2、利用BBED破坏块
（1）针对gyj_t1表的20869号块做测试，现在可以查出记录
gyj@PROD> select id,name,dbms_rowid.rowid_relative_fno(rowid),dbms_rowid.rowid_block_number(rowid) from gyj_t1; ID NAME DBMS_ROWID.ROWID_RELATIVE_FNO(ROWID) DBMS_ROWID.ROWID_BLOCK_NUMBER(ROWID) ---------- ---------- ------------------------------------ ------------------------------------ 1 oracledba 5 20869
（2）使用BBED破坏20869号块的seq
[root@jfdb ~]# su - oracle [oracle@jfdb ~]$ bbed parfile=par.txt Password: BBED: Release 2.0.0.0.0 - Limited Production on Sun Jun 8 15:33:10 2014 Copyright (c) 1982, 2011, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. ************* !!! For Oracle Internal Use only !!! *************** BBED> set file 5 block 20869 FILE# 5 BLOCK# 20869 BBED> map /v File: /u01/app/oracle/oradata/PROD/tp01.dbf (5) Block: 20869 Dba:0x01405185 ------------------------------------------------------------ KTB Data Block (Table/Cluster) struct kcbh, 20 bytes @0 ub1 type_kcbh @0 ub1 frmt_kcbh @1 ub1 spare1_kcbh @2 ub1 spare2_kcbh @3 ub4 rdba_kcbh @4 ub4 bas_kcbh @8 ub2 wrp_kcbh @12 ub1 seq_kcbh @14 ub1 flg_kcbh @15 ub2 chkval_kcbh @16 ub2 spare3_kcbh @18 struct ktbbh, 72 bytes @20 ub1 ktbbhtyp @20 union ktbbhsid, 4 bytes @24 struct ktbbhcsc, 8 bytes @28 sb2 ktbbhict @36 ub1 ktbbhflg @38 ub1 ktbbhfsl @39 ub4 ktbbhfnx @40 struct ktbbhitl[2], 48 bytes @44 struct kdbh, 14 bytes @100 ub1 kdbhflag @100 sb1 kdbhntab @101 sb2 kdbhnrow @102 sb2 kdbhfrre @104 sb2 kdbhfsbo @106 sb2 kdbhfseo @108 sb2 kdbhavsp @110 sb2 kdbhtosp @112 struct kdbt[1], 4 bytes @114 sb2 kdbtoffs @114 sb2 kdbtnrow @116 sb2 kdbr[1] @118 ub1 freespace[8038] @120 ub1 rowdata[30] @8158 ub4 tailchk @8188 BBED> p kcbh struct kcbh, 20 bytes @0 ub1 type_kcbh @0 0x06 ub1 frmt_kcbh @1 0xa2 ub1 spare1_kcbh @2 0x00 ub1 spare2_kcbh @3 0x00 ub4 rdba_kcbh @4 0x01405185 ub4 bas_kcbh @8 0x00176fed ub2 wrp_kcbh @12 0x0000 ub1 seq_kcbh @14 0x01 ub1 flg_kcbh @15 0x06 (KCBHFDLC, KCBHFCKV) ub2 chkval_kcbh @16 0xc140 ub2 spare3_kcbh @18 0x0000 BBED> m /x ff offset 14 Warning: contents of previous BIFILE will be lost. Proceed? (Y/N) y File: /u01/app/oracle/oradata/PROD/tp01.dbf (5) Block: 20869 Offsets: 14 to 525 Dba:0x01405185 ------------------------------------------------------------------------ ff0640c1 00000100 00003945 0000eb6f 17000000 00000200 32008051 40010700 20008b02 00002c49 c0002301 02000080 0000876d 17000300 1a007503 0000bf1f c0002501 0c000120 0000ed6f 17000000 00000000 00000001 0100ffff 14007a1f 741f741f 00000100 7a1f0000 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 <32 bytes per line> BBED> sum apply Check value for File 5, Block 20869: current = 0xc1be, required = 0xc1be
(3)校验报坏块
BBED> verify DBVERIFY - Verification starting FILE = /u01/app/oracle/oradata/PROD/tp01.dbf BLOCK = 20869 Block 20869 is corrupt Corrupt block relative dba: 0x01405185 (file 0, block 20869) Fractured block found during verification Data in bad block: type: 6 format: 2 rdba: 0x01405185 last change scn: 0x0000.00176fed seq: 0xff flg: 0x06 spare1: 0x0 spare2: 0x0 spare3: 0x0 consistency value in tail: 0x6fed0601 check value in block header: 0xc1be computed block checksum: 0x0 DBVERIFY - Verification complete Total Blocks Examined : 1 Total Blocks Processed (Data) : 0 Total Blocks Failing (Data) : 0 Total Blocks Processed (Index): 0 Total Blocks Failing (Index): 0 Total Blocks Empty : 0 Total Blocks Marked Corrupt : 1 Total Blocks Influx : 2 Message 531 not found; product=RDBMS; facility=BBED
（4）确定不能查gyj_t1表的记录
gyj@PROD> alter system flush buffer_cache; System altered. gyj@PROD> select id,name,dbms_rowid.rowid_relative_fno(rowid),dbms_rowid.rowid_block_number(rowid) from gyj_t1; select id,name,dbms_rowid.rowid_relative_fno(rowid),dbms_rowid.rowid_block_number(rowid) from gyj_t1 * ERROR at line 1: ORA-01578: ORACLE data block corrupted (file # 5, block # 20869) ORA-01110: data file 5: '/u01/app/oracle/oradata/PROD/tp01.dbf'
3、使用RMAN验证5号数据文件
RMAN> backup validate datafile 5; Starting backup at 08-JUN-14 using channel ORA_DISK_1 channel ORA_DISK_1: starting full datafile backup set channel ORA_DISK_1: specifying datafile(s) in backup set input datafile file number=00005 name=/u01/app/oracle/oradata/PROD/tp01.dbf channel ORA_DISK_1: backup set complete, elapsed time: 00:00:07 List of Datafiles ================= File Status Marked Corrupt Empty Blocks Blocks Examined High SCN ---- ------ -------------- ------------ --------------- ---------- 5 FAILED 0 114 64000 1659211 File Name: /u01/app/oracle/oradata/PROD/tp01.dbf Block Type Blocks Failing Blocks Processed ---------- -------------- ---------------- Data 1 58883 Index 0 4221 Other 0 782 validate found one or more corrupt blocks See trace file /u01/app/oracle/diag/rdbms/prod/PROD/trace/PROD_ora_2750.trc for details Finished backup at 08-JUN-14
4、查5号文件的坏块
gyj@PROD> select FILE#,BLOCK#,BLOCKS,CORRUPTION_CHANGE#,CORRUPTION_TYPE from v$database_block_corruption where file#=5; FILE# BLOCK# BLOCKS CORRUPTION_CHANGE# CORRUPTIO ---------- ---------- ---------- ------------------ --------- 5 20869 1 0 FRACTURED
5、使用rman恢复坏块
RMAN> blockrecover datafile 5 block 20869; Starting recover at 08-JUN-14 using channel ORA_DISK_1 channel ORA_DISK_1: restoring block(s) channel ORA_DISK_1: specifying block(s) to restore from backup set restoring blocks of datafile 00005 channel ORA_DISK_1: reading from backup piece /u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/dbs/01pab691_1_1 channel ORA_DISK_1: piece handle=/u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/dbs/01pab691_1_1 tag=TAG20140608T153040 channel ORA_DISK_1: restored block(s) from backup piece 1 channel ORA_DISK_1: block restore complete, elapsed time: 00:00:01 starting media recovery media recovery complete, elapsed time: 00:00:01 Finished recover at 08-JUN-14
6、再次查5号文件的坏块，已经消息了（如果还有记录，那再次执行backup validate datafile 5;）
gyj@PROD> select FILE#,BLOCK#,BLOCKS,CORRUPTION_CHANGE#,CORRUPTION_TYPE from v$database_block_corruption where file#=5; no rows selected
7、查表gyj_t1记录也有了，说明恢复成功
gyj@PROD> select id,name,dbms_rowid.rowid_relative_fno(rowid),dbms_rowid.rowid_block_number(rowid) from gyj_t1; ID NAME DBMS_ROWID.ROWID_RELATIVE_FNO(ROWID) DBMS_ROWID.ROWID_BLOCK_NUMBER(ROWID) ---------- ---------- ------------------------------------ ------------------------------------ 1 oracledba 5 20869
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