12c推出了可插拔数据库，在一个容器cdb中以多租户的形式同时存在多个数据库pdb。在为pdb做数据泵导入导出时和传统的数据库有少许不同。
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1，需要为pdb添加tansnames
2，导入导出时需要在userid参数内指定其tansnames的值，比如 userid=user/pwd@tnsname
数据泵导出
1、查看当前的SID，查看pdb并切换到容器数据库,这里的pluggable数据库是pdborcl
[oracle@test admin]$ echo $ORACLE_SID
[oracle@test admin]orcl
登录cdb，查看pdb,
SQL> show con_name
CON_NAME
------------------------------
CDB$ROOT
SQL> show pdbs
CON_ID CON_NAME OPEN MODE RESTRICTED
---------- ------------------------------ ---------- ----------
PDB$SEED READ ONLY NO
PDBORCL MOUNTED
SQL> alter pluggable database all open;
Pluggable database altered.
SQL> show pdbs
CON_ID CON_NAME OPEN MODE RESTRICTED
---------- ------------------------------ ---------- ----------
PDB$SEED READ ONLY NO
PDBORCL READ WRITE NO
切换到pdborcl
SQL> alter session set container=pdborcl;
Session altered.
SQL>
2、查看示例用户scott，以后的schema级别导入导出就使用该用户的数据。
SQL> select owner, table_name from dba_tables where owner='SCOTT';
OWNER TABLE_NAME
------------------------------ ----------------------------------------
SCOTT SALGRADE
SCOTT BONUS
SCOTT EMP
SCOTT DEPT
3、单独创建一个dba权限的数据泵用户
SQL> grant dba to dp identified by dp;
Grant succeeded.
4、创建一个数据泵目录dp_dir，路径为oracle家目录
SQL> create or replace directory dp_dir as '/home/oracle';
Directory created.
SQL> exit
5、授予dp用户在数据泵路径有读写权限
（如果是dba权限的这一步可以省略，为了试验的完整性这里保留）
SQL> grant read,write on directory dp_dir to dp;
Grant succeeded.
6、设置tnsnames.ora，增加pdborocl。SERVICE_NAME为pdb的实例名，这里为pdborcl
[oracle@xqzt admin]$ pwd
/data/app/oracle/product/12.1.0/dbhome_1/network/admin
[oracle@xqzt admin]$ cat tnsnames.ora
# tnsnames.ora Network Configuration File: /data/app/oracle/product/12.1.0/dbhome_1/network/admin/tnsnames.ora
# Generated by Oracle configuration tools.
ORCL =
(DESCRIPTION =
(ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = xqzt)(PORT = 1521))
(CONNECT_DATA =
(SERVER = DEDICATED)
(SERVICE_NAME = orcl)
)
)
PDBORCL =
(DESCRIPTION =
(ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = xqzt)(PORT = 1521))
(CONNECT_DATA =
(SERVER = DEDICATED)
(SERVICE_NAME =pdborcl)
)
)
7、测试tnsnames.ora的有效性，如果返回OK (0 msec)表示配置成功
[oracle@xqzt admin]$ tnsping pdborcl
TNS Ping Utility for Linux: Version 12.1.0.2.0 - Production on 10-DEC-2015 09:10:34
Copyright (c) 1997, 2014, Oracle. All rights reserved.
Used parameter files:
/data/app/oracle/product/12.1.0/dbhome_1/network/admin/sqlnet.ora
Used TNSNAMES adapter to resolve the alias
Attempting to contact (DESCRIPTION = (ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = xqzt)(PORT = 1521)) (CONNECT_DATA = (SERVER = DEDICATED) (SERVICE_NAME =pdborcl)))
OK (0 msec)
8、数据泵导出
用户名密码为dp/dp，并且通过tnsnames指向pdborcl
数据泵目录为：dp_dir, OS路径是/home/oracle
导出文件为：/home/oracle/scott_pdborcl.dmp
导出日志为：/home/oracle/scott_pdborcl.log
导出模式为scheme，也可以理解为用户：scott
[oracle@xqzt ~]$ expdp dp/dp@pdborcl directory=dp_dir dumpfile=scott_pdborcl.dmp logfile=scott_pdborcl.log schemas=scott
Export: Release 12.1.0.2.0 - Production on Thu Dec 10 09:32:05 2015Copyright (c) 1982, 2014, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
Connected to: Oracle Database 12c Enterprise Edition Release 12.1.0.2.0 - 64bit Production
With the Partitioning, OLAP, Advanced Analytics and Real Application Testing options
Starting "DP"."SYS_EXPORT_SCHEMA_01": dp/********@pdborcl directory=dp_dir dumpfile=scott_pdborcl.dmp logfile=scott_pdborcl.log schemas=scott
Estimate in progress using BLOCKS method...
Processing object type SCHEMA_EXPORT/TABLE/TABLE_DATA
Total estimation using BLOCKS method: 192 KB
Processing object type SCHEMA_EXPORT/USER
Processing object type SCHEMA_EXPORT/SYSTEM_GRANT
Processing object type SCHEMA_EXPORT/ROLE_GRANT
Processing object type SCHEMA_EXPORT/DEFAULT_ROLE
Processing object type SCHEMA_EXPORT/PRE_SCHEMA/PROCACT_SCHEMA
Processing object type SCHEMA_EXPORT/TABLE/TABLE
Processing object type SCHEMA_EXPORT/TABLE/INDEX/INDEX
Processing object type SCHEMA_EXPORT/TABLE/CONSTRAINT/CONSTRAINT
Processing object type SCHEMA_EXPORT/TABLE/INDEX/STATISTICS/INDEX_STATISTICS
Processing object type SCHEMA_EXPORT/TABLE/CONSTRAINT/REF_CONSTRAINT
Processing object type SCHEMA_EXPORT/TABLE/STATISTICS/TABLE_STATISTICS
Processing object type SCHEMA_EXPORT/STATISTICS/MARKER
. . exported "SCOTT"."DEPT" 6.023 KB 4 rows
. . exported "SCOTT"."EMP" 8.773 KB 14 rows
. . exported "SCOTT"."SALGRADE" 6.023 KB 10 rows
. . exported "SCOTT"."BONUS" 0 KB 0 rows
Master table "DP"."SYS_EXPORT_SCHEMA_01" successfully loaded/unloaded
******************************************************************************
Dump file set for DP.SYS_EXPORT_SCHEMA_01 is:
/home/oracle/scott_pdborcl.dmp
Job "DP"."SYS_EXPORT_SCHEMA_01" successfully completed at Thu Dec 10 09:32:29 2015 elapsed 0 00:00:21
[oracle@xqzt ~]$
10、查看导出文件
[oracle@xqzt ~]$ ls -l scott_pdborcl.dmp scott_pdborcl.log
-rw-r----- 1 oracle oinstall 356352 12月 10 09:32 scott_pdborcl.dmp
-rw-r--r-- 1 oracle oinstall 1960 12月 10 09:32 scott_pdborcl.log
11、为了测试导出文件是否能够正常导入，我们先删除pdborcl的scott用户
SQL> select count(*) from scott.DEPT;
COUNT(*)
----------
SQL> drop user scott cascade ;
User dropped.
SQL>
此时访问该用户的表已经不存在了
SQL> select count(*) from scott.DEPT;
select count(*) from scott.DEPT
*ERROR at line 1:
ORA-00942: table or view does not exist
12、 导入scott用户
[oracle@xqzt ~]$ impdp dp/dp@pdborcl directory=dp_dir dumpfile=scott_pdborcl.dmp logfile=scott_pdborcl_imp.log schemas=scott
Import: Release 12.1.0.2.0 - Production on Thu Dec 10 09:39:02 2015Copyright (c) 1982, 2014, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
Connected to: Oracle Database 12c Enterprise Edition Release 12.1.0.2.0 - 64bit Production
With the Partitioning, OLAP, Advanced Analytics and Real Application Testing options
Master table "DP"."SYS_IMPORT_SCHEMA_01" successfully loaded/unloaded
Starting "DP"."SYS_IMPORT_SCHEMA_01": dp/********@pdborcl directory=dp_dir dumpfile=scott_pdborcl.dmp logfile=scott_pdborcl_imp.log schemas=scott
Processing object type SCHEMA_EXPORT/USER
Processing object type SCHEMA_EXPORT/SYSTEM_GRANT
Processing object type SCHEMA_EXPORT/ROLE_GRANT
Processing object type SCHEMA_EXPORT/DEFAULT_ROLE
Processing object type SCHEMA_EXPORT/PRE_SCHEMA/PROCACT_SCHEMA
Processing object type SCHEMA_EXPORT/TABLE/TABLE
Processing object type SCHEMA_EXPORT/TABLE/TABLE_DATA
. . imported "SCOTT"."DEPT" 6.023 KB 4 rows
. . imported "SCOTT"."EMP" 8.773 KB 14 rows
. . imported "SCOTT"."SALGRADE" 6.023 KB 10 rows
. . imported "SCOTT"."BONUS" 0 KB 0 rows
Processing object type SCHEMA_EXPORT/TABLE/INDEX/INDEX
Processing object type SCHEMA_EXPORT/TABLE/CONSTRAINT/CONSTRAINT
Processing object type SCHEMA_EXPORT/TABLE/INDEX/STATISTICS/INDEX_STATISTICS
Processing object type SCHEMA_EXPORT/TABLE/CONSTRAINT/REF_CONSTRAINT
Processing object type SCHEMA_EXPORT/TABLE/STATISTICS/TABLE_STATISTICS
Processing object type SCHEMA_EXPORT/STATISTICS/MARKER
Job "DP"."SYS_IMPORT_SCHEMA_01" successfully completed at Thu Dec 10 09:39:06 2015 elapsed 0 00:00:04
[oracle@xqzt ~]$
13、 测试导入结果
SQL> select count(*) from scott.DEPT;
COUNT(*)
----------
4
导入成功！
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