MyBatis 是一款优秀的持久层框架,它支持自定义 SQL、存储过程以及高级映射。
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在之前的文章中我们学习了MYSQL和JDBC,但是这些东西远远不足以支持我们书写JavaWeb相关的内容
在学习MyBatis前,请先学习Java,Mysql,JDBC,Maven内容
首先我们先简单介绍一下MyBatis:
我们再来介绍一下JavaEE概念:
最后我们了解一下框架:
我们在前面提到MyBatis的产生是为了简化JDBC开发
那么我们就先来介绍一下JDBC的缺点:
我们通过一段代码进行解析:
package com.itheima.jdbc;
import org.junit.Test;
import java.sql.*;
import java.util.Date;
@Test
public void testPreparedStatement2() throws Exception {
// 前置链接操作
String url = "jdbc:mysql:///db1?useSSL=false&useServerPrepStmts=true";
String username = "root";
String password = "1234";
Connection conn = DriverManager.getConnection(url, username, password);
// 接收用户输入 用户名和密码
String name = "zhangsan";
String pwd = "' or '1' = '1";
// 定义sql
String sql = "select * from tb_user where username = ? and password = ?";
// 获取pstmt对象
PreparedStatement pstmt = conn.prepareStatement(sql);
Thread.sleep();
// 设置?的值
pstmt.setString(1,name);
pstmt.setString(2,pwd);
ResultSet rs = null;
// 执行sql
rs = pstmt.executeQuery();
// 设置?的值
pstmt.setString(1,"aaa");
pstmt.setString(2,"bbb");
// 执行sql
rs = pstmt.executeQuery();
// 判断登录是否成功
if(rs.next()){
System.out.println("登录成功~");
}else{
System.out.println("登录失败~");
}
//7. 释放资源
rs.close();
pstmt.close();
conn.close();
}
}
在上述代码中,我们可以注意到:
/*
硬编码概念: 代码展现形式固定,如果有所更改需要手动修改代码
硬编码动作:注册驱动,获得链接,SQL语句
*/
// 前置链接操作
String url = "jdbc:mysql:///db1?useSSL=false&useServerPrepStmts=true";
String username = "root";
String password = "1234";
Connection conn = DriverManager.getConnection(url, username, password);
// 接收用户输入 用户名和密码
String name = "zhangsan";
String pwd = "' or '1' = '1";
/*
操作繁琐:大量代码堆叠
操作繁琐动作:手动设置参数,手动封装结果
*/
// 获取pstmt对象
PreparedStatement pstmt = conn.prepareStatement(sql);
Thread.sleep();
// 设置?的值
pstmt.setString(1,name);
pstmt.setString(2,pwd);
ResultSet rs = null;
// 执行sql
rs = pstmt.executeQuery();
// 设置?的值
pstmt.setString(1,"aaa");
pstmt.setString(2,"bbb");
// 执行sql
rs = pstmt.executeQuery();
因而为了解决JDBC的这些缺点,MyBatis应运而生!
MyBatis解决思想:
MyBatis免除了几乎所有的JDBC代码以及设置参数和获得结果集的工作
我们将以一个案例进行MyBatis的快速入门(资源来自B站黑马程序员老陈的JavaWeb课程)
我们以步骤形式逐步进行:
org.mybatis
mybatis
3.5.5
mysql
mysql-connector-java
5.1.46
junit
junit
4.13
test
org.slf4j
slf4j-api
1.7.20
ch.qos.logback
logback-classic
1.2.3
ch.qos.logback
logback-core
1.2.3
// 注意:数据为private,书写get和set方法以及toString方法
package com.itheima.pojo;
// alt + 鼠标左键 整列编辑
public class User {
private Integer id;
private String username;
private String password;
private String gender;
private String addr;
public Integer getId() {
return id;
}
public void setId(Integer id) {
this.id = id;
}
public String getUsername() {
return username;
}
public void setUsername(String username) {
this.username = username;
}
public String getPassword() {
return password;
}
public void setPassword(String password) {
this.password = password;
}
public String getGender() {
return gender;
}
public void setGender(String gender) {
this.gender = gender;
}
public String getAddr() {
return addr;
}
public void setAddr(String addr) {
this.addr = addr;
}
@Override
public String toString() {
return "User{" +
"id=" + id +
", username='" + username + '\'' +
", password='" + password + '\'' +
", gender='" + gender + '\'' +
", addr='" + addr + '\'' +
'}';
}
}
// 创建主代码
package com.itheima;
import com.itheima.pojo.User;
import org.apache.ibatis.io.Resources;
import org.apache.ibatis.session.SqlSession;
import org.apache.ibatis.session.SqlSessionFactory;
import org.apache.ibatis.session.SqlSessionFactoryBuilder;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.InputStream;
import java.util.List;
/**
* Mybatis 快速入门代码
*/
public class MyBatisDemo {
public static void main(String[] args) throws IOException {
//1. 加载mybatis的核心配置文件,获取 SqlSessionFactory(官网下载)
/*
下述为官网下载,我们只需要修改第一行的mybatis-config.xml地址即可
String resource = "org/mybatis/example/mybatis-config.xml";
InputStream inputStream = Resources.getResourceAsStream(resource);
SqlSessionFactory sqlSessionFactory = new SqlSessionFactoryBuilder().build(inputStream);
*/
String resource = "mybatis-config.xml";
InputStream inputStream = Resources.getResourceAsStream(resource);
SqlSessionFactory sqlSessionFactory = new SqlSessionFactoryBuilder().build(inputStream);
//2. 获取SqlSession对象,用它来执行sql(sqlSessionFactory方法)
SqlSession sqlSession = sqlSessionFactory.openSession();
//3. 执行sql(这里的test.selectList是我们的UserMapper.xml中所设置的名称空间.id)
List users = sqlSession.selectList("test.selectAll");
System.out.println(users);
//4. 释放资源
sqlSession.close();
}
}
至此,我们已经了解了MyBatis的整体创建流程
在下面我们会以上述入门为标准,进行各种流程上的简化开发
我们在Mapper.xml中书写sql语句时,可能会出现sql表名显示红色(报错)现象
产生原因:IDEA和数据库没有建立连接,不识别表信息
解决方法:在IDEA中配置MYSQL数据库连接
解决优点:代码不再报错,显示所有SQL语句以及表列的补全信息
解决方法:
我们在入门代码中创建了Mapper.xml,并在其中书写代码
我们在主项目的代码中包含有以下这段:
List users = sqlSession.selectList("test.selectAll");
但test.selectAll属于硬编码阶段,且书写方式麻烦
因而产生了Mapper代理开发,同样我们采用案例的形式逐步书写:
package com.itheima.mapper;
import com.itheima.pojo.User;
import org.apache.ibatis.annotations.Param;
import org.apache.ibatis.annotations.Select;
import java.util.Collection;
import java.util.List;
import java.util.Map;
import java.util.Set;
public interface UserMapper {
List selectAll();
}
package com.itheima;
import com.itheima.mapper.UserMapper;
import com.itheima.pojo.User;
import org.apache.ibatis.io.Resources;
import org.apache.ibatis.session.SqlSession;
import org.apache.ibatis.session.SqlSessionFactory;
import org.apache.ibatis.session.SqlSessionFactoryBuilder;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.InputStream;
import java.util.List;
/**
* Mybatis 代理开发
*/
public class MyBatisDemo2 {
public static void main(String[] args) throws IOException {
//1. 加载mybatis的核心配置文件,获取 SqlSessionFactory
String resource = "mybatis-config.xml";
InputStream inputStream = Resources.getResourceAsStream(resource);
SqlSessionFactory sqlSessionFactory = new SqlSessionFactoryBuilder().build(inputStream);
//2. 获取SqlSession对象,用它来执行sql
SqlSession sqlSession = sqlSessionFactory.openSession();
//3.1 获取UserMapper接口的代理对象
//(采用sqlSession方法获得接口类产生对象,调用对象的方法[这里方法来自xml],并根据Mapper接口设置的返回参数)
UserMapper userMapper = sqlSession.getMapper(UserMapper.class);
List users = userMapper.selectAll();
System.out.println(users);
//4. 释放资源
sqlSession.close();
}
}
在mybatis-config.xml文件中我们设置过mapper内容:
但随着sql映射文件增多,单个书写过于麻烦,所以开发出了package方法
Mybatis核心配置文件就是我们之前写入的mybatis-config.xml文件
现在我们对MyBatis的相关内容进行分析:
下面给出代码展示:
在下述内容中,我们会通过一个案例进行MyBatis的增删改查并且补充相应知识点
在开始前,我们同样准备环境:
package com.itheima.pojo;
/**
* 品牌
*
* alt + 鼠标左键:整列编辑
*
* 在实体类中,基本数据类型建议使用其对应的包装类型
*/
public class Brand {
// id 主键
private Integer id;
// 品牌名称
private String brandName;
// 企业名称
private String companyName;
// 排序字段
private Integer ordered;
// 描述信息
private String description;
// 状态:0:禁用 1:启用
private Integer status;
public Integer getId() {
return id;
}
public void setId(Integer id) {
this.id = id;
}
public String getBrandName() {
return brandName;
}
public void setBrandName(String brandName) {
this.brandName = brandName;
}
public String getCompanyName() {
return companyName;
}
public void setCompanyName(String companyName) {
this.companyName = companyName;
}
public Integer getOrdered() {
return ordered;
}
public void setOrdered(Integer ordered) {
this.ordered = ordered;
}
public String getDescription() {
return description;
}
public void setDescription(String description) {
this.description = description;
}
public Integer getStatus() {
return status;
}
public void setStatus(Integer status) {
this.status = status;
}
@Override
public String toString() {
return "Brand{" +
"id=" + id +
", brandName='" + brandName + '\'' +
", companyName='" + companyName + '\'' +
", ordered=" + ordered +
", description='" + description + '\'' +
", status=" + status +
'}';
}
}
我们将会介绍三种数据查询方法:
接下来我们逐一讲解:
查询所有数据步骤:
package com.itheima.mapper;
import com.itheima.pojo.Brand;
import org.apache.ibatis.annotations.Param;
import org.apache.ibatis.annotations.ResultMap;
import org.apache.ibatis.annotations.Select;
import java.util.List;
import java.util.Map;
public interface BrandMapper {
/**
* 查询所有
*/
List selectAll();
}
@Test
public void testSelectAll() throws IOException {
//1. 获取SqlSessionFactory
String resource = "mybatis-config.xml";
InputStream inputStream = Resources.getResourceAsStream(resource);
SqlSessionFactory sqlSessionFactory = new SqlSessionFactoryBuilder().build(inputStream);
//2. 获取SqlSession对象
SqlSession sqlSession = sqlSessionFactory.openSession();
//3. 获取Mapper接口的代理对象
BrandMapper brandMapper = sqlSession.getMapper(BrandMapper.class);
//4. 执行方法
List brands = brandMapper.selectAll();
System.out.println(brands);
//5. 释放资源
sqlSession.close();
}
但是这种方法中,我们会发现brandName和companyName并没有显示
主要原因:
解决方法有两种:
单个查询步骤:
Brand selectById(int id);
@Test
public void testSelectById() throws IOException {
//接收参数
int id = 1;
//1. 获取SqlSessionFactory
String resource = "mybatis-config.xml";
InputStream inputStream = Resources.getResourceAsStream(resource);
SqlSessionFactory sqlSessionFactory = new SqlSessionFactoryBuilder().build(inputStream);
//2. 获取SqlSession对象
SqlSession sqlSession = sqlSessionFactory.openSession();
//3. 获取Mapper接口的代理对象
BrandMapper brandMapper = sqlSession.getMapper(BrandMapper.class);
//4. 执行方法
Brand brand = brandMapper.selectById(id);
System.out.println(brand);
//5. 释放资源
sqlSession.close();
}
知识点讲解:
这里我们介绍多条件查询:
/**
* 条件查询
* * 参数接收
* 1. 散装参数:如果方法中有多个参数,需要使用@Param("SQL参数占位符名称")
* 2. 对象参数:对象的属性名称要和参数占位符名称一致
* 3. map集合参数
*
*/
List selectByCondition(@Param("status") int status, @Param("companyName") String companyName, @Param("brandName") String brandName);
List selectByCondition(Brand brand);
List selectByCondition(Map map);
@Test
public void testSelectByCondition() throws IOException {
//接收参数
int status = 1;
String companyName = "华为";
String brandName = "华为";
// 处理参数
companyName = "%" + companyName + "%";
brandName = "%" + brandName + "%";
//封装对象
/* Brand brand = new Brand();
brand.setStatus(status);
brand.setCompanyName(companyName);
brand.setBrandName(brandName);*/
Map map = new HashMap();
// map.put("status" , status);
map.put("companyName", companyName);
// map.put("brandName" , brandName);
//1. 获取SqlSessionFactory
String resource = "mybatis-config.xml";
InputStream inputStream = Resources.getResourceAsStream(resource);
SqlSessionFactory sqlSessionFactory = new SqlSessionFactoryBuilder().build(inputStream);
//2. 获取SqlSession对象
SqlSession sqlSession = sqlSessionFactory.openSession();
//3. 获取Mapper接口的代理对象
BrandMapper brandMapper = sqlSession.getMapper(BrandMapper.class);
//4. 执行方法
//List brands = brandMapper.selectByCondition(status, companyName, brandName);
// List brands = brandMapper.selectByCondition(brand);
List brands = brandMapper.selectByCondition(map);
System.out.println(brands);
//5. 释放资源
sqlSession.close();
}
动态查询概念:
动态SQL语句:
-->
我们根据两个案例来解释上述语法:
List selectByCondition(Brand brand);
@Test
public void testSelectByCondition() throws IOException {
//接收参数
int status = 1;
String companyName = "华为";
String brandName = "华为";
// 处理参数
companyName = "%" + companyName + "%";
brandName = "%" + brandName + "%";
//封装对象
Brand brand = new Brand();
brand.setStatus(status);
brand.setCompanyName(companyName);
brand.setBrandName(brandName);
//1. 获取SqlSessionFactory
String resource = "mybatis-config.xml";
InputStream inputStream = Resources.getResourceAsStream(resource);
SqlSessionFactory sqlSessionFactory = new SqlSessionFactoryBuilder().build(inputStream);
//2. 获取SqlSession对象
SqlSession sqlSession = sqlSessionFactory.openSession();
//3. 获取Mapper接口的代理对象
BrandMapper brandMapper = sqlSession.getMapper(BrandMapper.class);
//4. 执行方法
List brands = brandMapper.selectByCondition(brand);
System.out.println(brands);
//5. 释放资源
sqlSession.close();
}
List selectByConditionSingle(Brand brand);
@Test
public void testSelectByConditionSingle() throws IOException {
//接收参数
int status = 1;
String companyName = "华为";
String brandName = "华为";
// 处理参数
companyName = "%" + companyName + "%";
brandName = "%" + brandName + "%";
//封装对象
Brand brand = new Brand();
//brand.setStatus(status);
brand.setCompanyName(companyName);
//brand.setBrandName(brandName);
//1. 获取SqlSessionFactory
String resource = "mybatis-config.xml";
InputStream inputStream = Resources.getResourceAsStream(resource);
SqlSessionFactory sqlSessionFactory = new SqlSessionFactoryBuilder().build(inputStream);
//2. 获取SqlSession对象
SqlSession sqlSession = sqlSessionFactory.openSession();
//3. 获取Mapper接口的代理对象
BrandMapper brandMapper = sqlSession.getMapper(BrandMapper.class);
//4. 执行方法
List brands = brandMapper.selectByConditionSingle(brand);
System.out.println(brands);
//5. 释放资源
sqlSession.close();
}
在这小节我们会讲到添加功能并附带返回主键:
添加功能步骤:
void add(Brand brand);
insert into tb_brand (brand_name, company_name, ordered, description, status)
values (#{brandName}, #{companyName}, #{ordered}, #{description}, #{status});
@Test
public void testAdd() throws IOException {
//接收参数
int status = 1;
String companyName = "波导手机";
String brandName = "波导";
String description = "手机中的战斗机";
int ordered = 100;
//封装对象
Brand brand = new Brand();
brand.setStatus(status);
brand.setCompanyName(companyName);
brand.setBrandName(brandName);
brand.setDescription(description);
brand.setOrdered(ordered);
//1. 获取SqlSessionFactory
String resource = "mybatis-config.xml";
InputStream inputStream = Resources.getResourceAsStream(resource);
SqlSessionFactory sqlSessionFactory = new SqlSessionFactoryBuilder().build(inputStream);
//2. 获取SqlSession对象
SqlSession sqlSession = sqlSessionFactory.openSession();
// 这里openSession的参数未设置时为手动提交信息,设置true后为自动提交事务
//SqlSession sqlSession = sqlSessionFactory.openSession(true);
//3. 获取Mapper接口的代理对象
BrandMapper brandMapper = sqlSession.getMapper(BrandMapper.class);
//4. 执行方法(这里就可以对brand的id进行提取,并输出)
brandMapper.add(brand);
Integer id = brand.getId();
System.out.println(id);
// 执行add后并未立刻执行,我们需要提交事务才能反馈到数据库中
sqlSession.commit();
//5. 释放资源
sqlSession.close();
}
该小节中我们会介绍两种修改方法:
我们会在下述内容中一一讲解:
int update(Brand brand);
update tb_brand
set brand_name = #{brandName},
company_name = #{companyName},
ordered = #{ordered},
description = #{description},
status = #{status}
where id = #{id};
@Test
public void testUpdate() throws IOException {
//接收参数
int status = 0;
String companyName = "波导手机";
String brandName = "波导";
String description = "波导手机,手机中的战斗机";
int ordered = 200;
int id = 6;
//封装对象
Brand brand = new Brand();
brand.setStatus(status);
brand.setCompanyName(companyName);
brand.setBrandName(brandName);
brand.setDescription(description);
brand.setOrdered(ordered);
brand.setId(id);
//1. 获取SqlSessionFactory
String resource = "mybatis-config.xml";
InputStream inputStream = Resources.getResourceAsStream(resource);
SqlSessionFactory sqlSessionFactory = new SqlSessionFactoryBuilder().build(inputStream);
//2. 获取SqlSession对象
SqlSession sqlSession = sqlSessionFactory.openSession();
//SqlSession sqlSession = sqlSessionFactory.openSession(true);
//3. 获取Mapper接口的代理对象
BrandMapper brandMapper = sqlSession.getMapper(BrandMapper.class);
//4. 执行方法
int count = brandMapper.update(brand);
System.out.println(count);
//提交事务
sqlSession.commit();
//5. 释放资源
sqlSession.close();
}
int update(Brand brand);
update tb_brand
brand_name = #{brandName},
company_name = #{companyName},
ordered = #{ordered},
description = #{description},
status = #{status}
where id = #{id};
@Test
public void testUpdate() throws IOException {
//接收参数
int status = 0;
String companyName = "波导手机";
String brandName = "波导";
String description = "波导手机,手机中的战斗机";
int ordered = 200;
int id = 6;
//封装对象
Brand brand = new Brand();
brand.setStatus(status);
// brand.setCompanyName(companyName);
// brand.setBrandName(brandName);
// brand.setDescription(description);
// brand.setOrdered(ordered);
brand.setId(id);
//1. 获取SqlSessionFactory
String resource = "mybatis-config.xml";
InputStream inputStream = Resources.getResourceAsStream(resource);
SqlSessionFactory sqlSessionFactory = new SqlSessionFactoryBuilder().build(inputStream);
//2. 获取SqlSession对象
SqlSession sqlSession = sqlSessionFactory.openSession();
//SqlSession sqlSession = sqlSessionFactory.openSession(true);
//3. 获取Mapper接口的代理对象
BrandMapper brandMapper = sqlSession.getMapper(BrandMapper.class);
//4. 执行方法
int count = brandMapper.update(brand);
System.out.println(count);
//提交事务
sqlSession.commit();
//5. 释放资源
sqlSession.close();
}
这节介绍删除功能的两种形式:
我们将会在下面一一讲解:
void deleteById(int id);
delete from tb_brand where id = #{id};
@Test
public void testDeleteById() throws IOException {
//接收参数
int id = 6;
//1. 获取SqlSessionFactory
String resource = "mybatis-config.xml";
InputStream inputStream = Resources.getResourceAsStream(resource);
SqlSessionFactory sqlSessionFactory = new SqlSessionFactoryBuilder().build(inputStream);
//2. 获取SqlSession对象
SqlSession sqlSession = sqlSessionFactory.openSession();
//SqlSession sqlSession = sqlSessionFactory.openSession(true);
//3. 获取Mapper接口的代理对象
BrandMapper brandMapper = sqlSession.getMapper(BrandMapper.class);
//4. 执行方法
brandMapper.deleteById(id);
//提交事务
sqlSession.commit();
//5. 释放资源
sqlSession.close();
}
void deleteByIds(int[] ids);
delete from tb_brand where id
in
#{id}
;
@Test
public void testDeleteByIds() throws IOException {
//接收参数
int[] ids = {5,7,8};
//1. 获取SqlSessionFactory
String resource = "mybatis-config.xml";
InputStream inputStream = Resources.getResourceAsStream(resource);
SqlSessionFactory sqlSessionFactory = new SqlSessionFactoryBuilder().build(inputStream);
//2. 获取SqlSession对象
SqlSession sqlSession = sqlSessionFactory.openSession();
//SqlSession sqlSession = sqlSessionFactory.openSession(true);
//3. 获取Mapper接口的代理对象
BrandMapper brandMapper = sqlSession.getMapper(BrandMapper.class);
//4. 执行方法
brandMapper.deleteByIds(ids);
//提交事务
sqlSession.commit();
//5. 释放资源
sqlSession.close();
}
MyBatis接口方法中可以接收各种各样的参数,MyBatis底层对这些参数有着不同的封装处理方法
我们在下面一一介绍:
在接口多参数传递中会把所有参数转移为Map集合
会转化为两种Map集合:
arg集合,下标从0开始: arg[0]
Param集合,下标从1开始: Param[1]
我们在xml中也可以直接使用arg或param来直接表示(但不推荐,因为不能直观得到信息)
我们所推荐的做法是使用@Param注解:
在参数前加上注解@Param("")
注意:这里使用Param注解实际上是对Param集合的键进行修改,也就是说你的Param集合将不再能够使用
常见的单参数传递分为六种:
POJO类型: 直接使用, 属性名 和 参数占位符 名称一致即可
Map集合: 直接使用,键名 和 参数占位符 名称一致即可
Collection: 封装为Map集合
List: 封装为Map集合
Array:封装为Map
其他类型:直接使用
我们先来介绍注解开发的格式:
// 相当于节省了xml的一步,直接在接口中定义方法
@Select("select * from tb_user where id = #{id}")
List selectAll();
当然,注解的方法也分为四种:
注解的优缺点:
使用注解来映射简单语句会使代码显得更加简洁,但对于稍微复杂一点的语句,Java 注解不仅力不从心,还会让你本就复杂的 SQL 语句更加混乱不堪。 因此,如果你需要做一些很复杂的操作,最好用 XML 来映射语句。
选择何种方式来配置映射,以及认为是否应该要统一映射语句定义的形式,完全取决于你和你的团队。 换句话说,永远不要拘泥于一种方式,你可以很轻松的在基于注解和 XML 的语句映射方式间自由移植和切换。
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该文章属于学习内容,具体参考B站黑马程序员陈老师的JavaWeb课程
这里附上链接:01-MyBatis简介_哔哩哔哩_bilibili