通过IMAGE COPY技术，可以得到一个数据库的完整副本，快速打开数据库，避免数据库还原和恢复的漫长时间。下面是利用IMAGE COPY进行一个数据库完整恢复的案例。由于该测试是在同一台数据库主机上面进行，因此需要注意ORACLE_SID环境变量，以及相关路径下的文件不能被覆盖。
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--1. 创建DB 0级 IMAGE COPY 备份
[oracle@sqlaudit ~]$ rman target /
RMAN> BACKUP AS COPY INCREMENTAL LEVEL 0 TAG 'SRCDB-IMAGE' DATABASE FORMAT '/oradata/srcdb_img/SRCDB-LVL0-%U';
--2. 创建测试数据
[oracle@sqlaudit ~]$ sqlplus / as sysdba
SQL> create table scott.test_backup
2 as
3 select rownum rn from dual connect by rownum <= 1000000;
--3. 创建DB 1级 IMAGE COPY 备份
RMAN> BACKUP INCREMENTAL LEVEL 1 FOR RECOVER OF TAG 'SRCDB-IMAGE' DATABASE FORMAT '/oradata/srcdb_img/SRCDB-LVL1-%U' PLUS ARCHIVELOG;
Starting backup at 2018-01-31 07:48:41
current log archived
using channel ORA_DISK_1
channel ORA_DISK_1: starting archived log backup set
channel ORA_DISK_1: specifying archived log(s) in backup set
input archived log thread=1 sequence=2 RECID=1 STAMP=961989888
input archived log thread=1 sequence=3 RECID=2 STAMP=966842424
input archived log thread=1 sequence=4 RECID=3 STAMP=966842833
input archived log thread=1 sequence=5 RECID=4 STAMP=966842838
input archived log thread=1 sequence=6 RECID=5 STAMP=966842911
input archived log thread=1 sequence=7 RECID=6 STAMP=966842915
input archived log thread=1 sequence=8 RECID=7 STAMP=966844055
input archived log thread=1 sequence=9 RECID=8 STAMP=966844059
input archived log thread=1 sequence=10 RECID=9 STAMP=966844121
channel ORA_DISK_1: starting piece 1 at 2018-01-31 07:48:42
channel ORA_DISK_1: finished piece 1 at 2018-01-31 07:48:43
piece handle=/oracle/app/oracle/product/11.2.0.4/db_1/dbs/12sq1nmp_1_1 tag=SRCDB-IMAGE comment=NONE
channel ORA_DISK_1: backup set complete, elapsed time: 00:00:01
Finished backup at 2018-01-31 07:48:43
Starting backup at 2018-01-31 07:48:43
using channel ORA_DISK_1
channel ORA_DISK_1: starting incremental level 1 datafile backup set
channel ORA_DISK_1: specifying datafile(s) in backup set
input datafile file number=00001 name=/oracle/app/oracle/oradata/srcdb/system01.dbf
input datafile file number=00002 name=/oracle/app/oracle/oradata/srcdb/sysaux01.dbf
input datafile file number=00005 name=/oracle/app/oracle/oradata/srcdb/ggtbs01.dbf
input datafile file number=00003 name=/oracle/app/oracle/oradata/srcdb/undotbs01.dbf
input datafile file number=00004 name=/oracle/app/oracle/oradata/srcdb/users01.dbf
channel ORA_DISK_1: starting piece 1 at 2018-01-31 07:48:43
channel ORA_DISK_1: finished piece 1 at 2018-01-31 07:48:44
piece handle=/oradata/srcdb_img/SRCDB-LVL1-13sq1nmr_1_1 tag=SRCDB-IMAGE comment=NONE
channel ORA_DISK_1: backup set complete, elapsed time: 00:00:01
channel ORA_DISK_1: starting incremental level 1 datafile backup set
channel ORA_DISK_1: specifying datafile(s) in backup set
including current control file in backup set
including current SPFILE in backup set
channel ORA_DISK_1: starting piece 1 at 2018-01-31 07:48:45
channel ORA_DISK_1: finished piece 1 at 2018-01-31 07:48:46
piece handle=/oradata/srcdb_img/SRCDB-LVL1-14sq1nms_1_1 tag=SRCDB-IMAGE comment=NONE
channel ORA_DISK_1: backup set complete, elapsed time: 00:00:01
Finished backup at 2018-01-31 07:48:46
Starting backup at 2018-01-31 07:48:46
current log archived
using channel ORA_DISK_1
channel ORA_DISK_1: starting archived log backup set
channel ORA_DISK_1: specifying archived log(s) in backup set
input archived log thread=1 sequence=11 RECID=10 STAMP=966844126
channel ORA_DISK_1: starting piece 1 at 2018-01-31 07:48:46
channel ORA_DISK_1: finished piece 1 at 2018-01-31 07:48:47
piece handle=/oracle/app/oracle/product/11.2.0.4/db_1/dbs/15sq1nmu_1_1 tag=SRCDB-IMAGE comment=NONE
channel ORA_DISK_1: backup set complete, elapsed time: 00:00:01
Finished backup at 2018-01-31 07:48:47
--4. 对 DB 0级 IMAGE COPY 备份进行恢复操作
RMAN> RECOVER COPY OF DATABASE WITH TAG 'SRCDB-IMAGE';
Starting recover at 2018-01-31 07:48:57
using channel ORA_DISK_1
channel ORA_DISK_1: starting incremental datafile backup set restore
channel ORA_DISK_1: specifying datafile copies to recover
recovering datafile copy file number=00001 name=/oradata/srcdb_img/SRCDB-LVL0-data_D-SRCDB_I-595837900_TS-SYSTEM_FNO-1_0nsq1niv
recovering datafile copy file number=00002 name=/oradata/srcdb_img/SRCDB-LVL0-data_D-SRCDB_I-595837900_TS-SYSAUX_FNO-2_0osq1nj2
recovering datafile copy file number=00003 name=/oradata/srcdb_img/SRCDB-LVL0-data_D-SRCDB_I-595837900_TS-UNDOTBS1_FNO-3_0qsq1njk
recovering datafile copy file number=00004 name=/oradata/srcdb_img/SRCDB-LVL0-data_D-SRCDB_I-595837900_TS-USERS_FNO-4_0rsq1njl
recovering datafile copy file number=00005 name=/oradata/srcdb_img/SRCDB-LVL0-data_D-SRCDB_I-595837900_TS-GGTBS_FNO-5_0psq1njh
channel ORA_DISK_1: reading from backup piece /oradata/srcdb_img/SRCDB-LVL1-0vsq1nko_1_1
channel ORA_DISK_1: piece handle=/oradata/srcdb_img/SRCDB-LVL1-0vsq1nko_1_1 tag=SRCDB-IMAGE
channel ORA_DISK_1: restored backup piece 1
channel ORA_DISK_1: restore complete, elapsed time: 00:00:01
channel ORA_DISK_1: starting incremental datafile backup set restore
channel ORA_DISK_1: specifying datafile copies to recover
recovering datafile copy file number=00001 name=/oradata/srcdb_img/SRCDB-LVL0-data_D-SRCDB_I-595837900_TS-SYSTEM_FNO-1_0nsq1niv
recovering datafile copy file number=00002 name=/oradata/srcdb_img/SRCDB-LVL0-data_D-SRCDB_I-595837900_TS-SYSAUX_FNO-2_0osq1nj2
recovering datafile copy file number=00003 name=/oradata/srcdb_img/SRCDB-LVL0-data_D-SRCDB_I-595837900_TS-UNDOTBS1_FNO-3_0qsq1njk
recovering datafile copy file number=00004 name=/oradata/srcdb_img/SRCDB-LVL0-data_D-SRCDB_I-595837900_TS-USERS_FNO-4_0rsq1njl
recovering datafile copy file number=00005 name=/oradata/srcdb_img/SRCDB-LVL0-data_D-SRCDB_I-595837900_TS-GGTBS_FNO-5_0psq1njh
channel ORA_DISK_1: reading from backup piece /oradata/srcdb_img/SRCDB-LVL1-13sq1nmr_1_1
channel ORA_DISK_1: piece handle=/oradata/srcdb_img/SRCDB-LVL1-13sq1nmr_1_1 tag=SRCDB-IMAGE
channel ORA_DISK_1: restored backup piece 1
channel ORA_DISK_1: restore complete, elapsed time: 00:00:01
Finished recover at 2018-01-31 07:48:59
--5. 源库执行备份控制文件操作，获取日志中的信息
SQL> alter database backup controlfile to trace;
-- Set #1. NORESETLOGS case
STARTUP NOMOUNT
CREATE CONTROLFILE REUSE DATABASE "SRCDB" NORESETLOGS FORCE LOGGING ARCHIVELOG
......
;
--6. 创建新的对象，用于后续完全恢复时进行稽核
SQL> create table scott.test22 (id number);
SQL> alter system switch logfile;
SQL> shutdown immediate;
--7. 创建 IMAGE COPY 数据库所需的参数文件(参数文件中的db_name不能修改，audit_file_dest与control_files路径要进行调整)
[oracle@sqlaudit ~]$ cd $ORACLE_HOME/dbs
[oracle@sqlaudit dbs]$ cp orapwsrcdb orapwsrcdbnew
[oracle@sqlaudit dbs]$ strings spfilesrcdb.ora > initsrcdbnew.ora
[oracle@sqlaudit dbs]$ cat initsrcdbnew.ora | grep '/oracle/'
*.audit_file_dest='/oracle/app/oracle/admin/srcdbnew/adump'
*.control_files='/oradata/srcdb_img/control01.ctl','/oradata/srcdb_img/control02.ctl'
[oracle@sqlaudit dbs]$ mkdir -p /oracle/app/oracle/admin/srcdbnew/adump
--8. 启动数据库实例
[oracle@sqlaudit dbs]$ export ORACLE_SID=srcdbnew
[oracle@sqlaudit dbs]$ sqlplus / as sysdba
SQL> startup nomount;
--9. 复制在线日志文件到新目录用于完全恢复
[oracle@sqlaudit archive]$ cp /oracle/app/oracle/oradata/srcdb/redo01.log /oradata/srcdb_img/redo01.log
[oracle@sqlaudit archive]$ cp /oracle/app/oracle/oradata/srcdb/redo02.log /oradata/srcdb_img/redo02.log
[oracle@sqlaudit archive]$ cp /oracle/app/oracle/oradata/srcdb/redo03.log /oradata/srcdb_img/redo03.log
--10. 重建控制文件
CREATE CONTROLFILE REUSE DATABASE "SRCDB" NORESETLOGS
MAXLOGFILES 16
MAXLOGMEMBERS 3
MAXDATAFILES 100
MAXINSTANCES 8
MAXLOGHISTORY 292
LOGFILE
GROUP 1 '/oradata/srcdb_img/redo01.log' SIZE 50M BLOCKSIZE 512,
GROUP 2 '/oradata/srcdb_img/redo02.log' SIZE 50M BLOCKSIZE 512,
GROUP 3 '/oradata/srcdb_img/redo03.log' SIZE 50M BLOCKSIZE 512
DATAFILE
'/oradata/srcdb_img/SRCDB-LVL0-data_D-SRCDB_I-595837900_TS-SYSTEM_FNO-1_0nsq1niv',
'/oradata/srcdb_img/SRCDB-LVL0-data_D-SRCDB_I-595837900_TS-SYSAUX_FNO-2_0osq1nj2',
'/oradata/srcdb_img/SRCDB-LVL0-data_D-SRCDB_I-595837900_TS-UNDOTBS1_FNO-3_0qsq1njk',
'/oradata/srcdb_img/SRCDB-LVL0-data_D-SRCDB_I-595837900_TS-USERS_FNO-4_0rsq1njl',
'/oradata/srcdb_img/SRCDB-LVL0-data_D-SRCDB_I-595837900_TS-GGTBS_FNO-5_0psq1njh'
CHARACTER SET WE8MSWIN1252
;
SQL> SELECT NAME FROM V$DATAFILE;
--11. 源库检查检查需要注册的日志文件
[oracle@sqlaudit dbs]$ export ORACLE_SID=srcdb
SQL> startup mount;
RMAN> list backup of archivelog all;
BS Key Size Device Type Elapsed Time Completion Time
------- ---------- ----------- ------------ -------------------
19 3.50K DISK 00:00:00 2018-01-31 07:48:46
BP Key: 19 Status: AVAILABLE Compressed: NO Tag: SRCDB-IMAGE
Piece Name: /oracle/app/oracle/product/11.2.0.4/db_1/dbs/15sq1nmu_1_1
List of Archived Logs in backup set 19
Thrd Seq Low SCN Low Time Next SCN Next Time
---- ------- ---------- ------------------- ---------- ---------
1 11 969636 2018-01-31 07:48:41 969648 2018-01-31 07:48:46
--12. 新库注册源库的日志文件
SQL> ALTER DATABASE REGISTER LOGFILE '/oracle/archive/1_11_961988430.dbf';
SQL> ALTER DATABASE REGISTER LOGFILE '/oracle/archive/1_12_961988430.dbf';
SQL> ALTER DATABASE REGISTER LOGFILE '/oracle/archive/1_13_961988430.dbf';
SQL> ALTER DATABASE REGISTER LOGFILE '/oracle/archive/1_14_961988430.dbf';
SQL> RECOVER DATABASE;
SQL> ALTER DATABASE OPEN;
--13. 创建新的临时文件
SQL> ALTER TABLESPACE TEMP ADD TEMPFILE '/oradata/srcdb_img/temp01.dbf' SIZE 100M AUTOEXTEND OFF;
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