Python函数库众多,而且在不断更新,所以学习这些函数库最有效的方法,就是阅读Python官方文档。同时借助Google和百度。
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绘制动态钟表的基本思路如下(面向对象的编程):
使用5个turtle对象
1个turtle:绘制外表盘
3个turtle:模拟表针行为
1个turtle:输出表盘上文字
根据实时时间使用ontimer()函数更新表盘画面,显示效果如下:
相关函数的使用在程序中进行了详细的注释,代码如下:
from turtle import * from datetime import * def Skip(step): penup() forward(step) pendown() def mkHand(name, length): #注册Turtle形状,建立表针Turtle reset() #清空当前窗口,并重置位置等信息为默认值 Skip(-length*0.1) begin_poly() forward(length*1.1) end_poly() handForm = get_poly() register_shape(name, handForm) def Init(): global secHand, minHand, hurHand, printer mode("logo")# 重置Turtle指向北 #建立三个表针Turtle并初始化 mkHand("secHand", 135) mkHand("minHand", 110) mkHand("hurHand", 90) secHand = Turtle() secHand.shape("secHand") minHand = Turtle() minHand.shape("minHand") hurHand = Turtle() hurHand.shape("hurHand") for hand in secHand, minHand, hurHand: hand.shapesize(1, 1, 3) hand.speed(0) #建立输出文字Turtle printer = Turtle() printer.hideturtle() printer.penup() def SetupClock(radius): #建立表的外框 reset() pensize(7) for i in range(60): Skip(radius) if i % 5 == 0: forward(20) Skip(-radius-20) else: dot(5) Skip(-radius) right(6) def Week(t): week = ["星期一", "星期二", "星期三", "星期四", "星期五", "星期六", "星期日"] return week[t.weekday()] def Date(t): y = t.year m = t.month d = t.day return "%s %d %d" % (y, m, d) def Tick(): #绘制表针的动态显示 t = datetime.today() second = t.second + t.microsecond*0.000001 minute = t.minute + second/60.0 hour = t.hour + minute/60.0 secHand.setheading(6*second) #设置朝向,每秒转动6度 minHand.setheading(6*minute) hurHand.setheading(30*hour) tracer(False) #不显示绘制的过程,直接显示绘制结果 printer.forward(65) printer.write(Week(t), align="center", font=("Courier", 14, "bold")) printer.back(130) printer.write(Date(t), align="center", font=("Courier", 14, "bold")) printer.back(50) printer.write("i_chaoren", align="center", font=("Courier", 14, "bold")) printer.home() tracer(True) ontimer(Tick, 1000)#1000ms后继续调用tick def main(): tracer(False) #使多个绘制对象同时显示 Init() SetupClock(160) tracer(True) Tick() mainloop() if __name__ == "__main__": main()