ansible自动化管理windows系统实战-创新互联

一、简述

1、说明
日常系统自动化运维过程中难免会有windows系列服务器,就开源软件来说目前大多的对windows批量管理兼容性不太好;不像Linux系统便捷,但现实中确实有些业务需要跑在windows上;搜索查找折腾一番后,发现python开发的ansible(已经被redhat收购)有比较好的解决方案,通过一番折腾,整理出来,以备忘交流;

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2、实验环境
服务器端:
CentOS7.4_x64 自带python 2.7.5 ip:172.16.3.167
源码安装ansible

被管理windows端:
win7sp1_x32 需要powershell 3.0+ ip:172.16.3.188 并开启winrm服务 开启防火墙规则

3、实验目标
能通过ansible 的各模块对windows进行传输文件,管理账号,执行脚本等批量自动化管理工作;

二、ansible配置

1、简介
Ansible 从1.7+版本开始支持Windows，但管理机必须为Linux系统，远程主机的通信方式也由Linux下的SSH变为PowerShell，管理机需要安装Python的pywinrm模块，但PowerShell需3.0+版本且Management Framework 3.0+版本，实测Windows 7 SP1和Windows Server 2008 R2及以上版本系统经简单配置可正常与Ansible通信。
2、环境准备
以下配置在CentOS7.4_x64下
安装pip及相关依赖

下载pip
#wget https://bootstrap.pypa.io/get-pip.py
#python get-pip.py
安装依赖
#pip install pywinrm paramiko PyYAML Jinja2 httplib2 six

3、源码安装ansible

# git clone git://github.com/ansible/ansible.git --recursive
#cd ./ansible
#source ./hacking/env-setup

运行了env-setup脚本,就意味着Ansible基于源码运行起来了.默认的inventory文件是 /etc/ansible/hosts
cat /etc/ansible/hosts
注:可以把这步添加到开机自启中;

[win7]
172.16.3.188 ansible_ssh_user="virtual" ansible_ssh_pass="myself." ansible_ssh_port=5985 ansible_connection="winrm" ansible_winrm_server_cert_validation=ignore

注意上信息在一行;以空格隔开,[win7] 是这台主机的标题;下面的是ip和连接信息等;
以上ansible管理端已经配置好,被管理端win7还没有配置,相对来说稍稍麻烦点

三、被管理端win7配置

1、环境简介
和Linux稍有区别，被管理端系统如果是Windows系列时;需预先有以下配置：
安装Framework 3.0+ (有可能需要下载)
配置powershell策略为remotesigned (需要修改)
升级PowerShell至3.0+(win7默认是2.0)
设置Windows远端管理，英文全称WS-Management（WinRM）

2、环境配置
a、升级或安装Framework 4.5
如果Framework版不满足请至微软官方下载
b、修改powershell策略为remotesigned
如图:

c、升级PowerShell至3.0
保存以下脚本为upgrade_to_ps3.ps1

# Powershell script to upgrade a PowerShell 2.0 system to PowerShell 3.0 
# based on http://occasionalutility.blogspot.com/2013/11/everyday-powershell-part-7-powershell.html 
# some Ansible modules that may use Powershell 3 features, so systems may need 
# to be upgraded.  This may be used by a sample playbook.  Refer to the windows 
# documentation on docs.ansible.com for details. 
# - hosts: windows 
#   tasks: 
#     - script: upgrade_to_ps3.ps1 

# Get version of OS 

# 6.0 is 2008 
# 6.1 is 2008 R2 
# 6.2 is 2012 
# 6.3 is 2012 R2 

 if ($PSVersionTable.psversion.Major -ge 3) 
 { 
    write-host "Powershell 3 Installed already; You don't need this" 
    Exit 
} 

 $powershellpath = "C:\powershell" 

function download-file 
 { 
     param ([string]$path, [string]$local) 
     $client = new-object system.net.WebClient 
    $client.Headers.Add("user-agent", "PowerShell") 
    $client.downloadfile($path, $local) 
 } 

 if (!(test-path $powershellpath)) 
{ 
    New-Item -ItemType directory -Path $powershellpath 
} 

# .NET Framework 4.0 is necessary. 

 #if (($PSVersionTable.CLRVersion.Major) -lt 2) 
 #{ 
#    $DownloadUrl = "http://download.microsoft.com/download/B/A/4/BA4A7E71-2906-4B2D-A0E1-80CF16844F5F/dotNetFx45_Full_x86_x64.exe" 
#    $FileName = $DownLoadUrl.Split('/')[-1] 
#    download-file $downloadurl "$powershellpath\$filename" 
#    ."$powershellpath\$filename" /quiet /norestart 
#} 

 #You may need to reboot after the .NET install if so just run the script again. 

 # If the Operating System is above 6.2, then you already have PowerShell Version > 3 
 if ([Environment]::OSVersion.Version.Major -gt 6) 
 { 
    write-host "OS is new; upgrade not needed." 
    Exit 
} 

 $osminor = [environment]::OSVersion.Version.Minor 

$architecture = $ENV:PROCESSOR_ARCHITECTURE 

 if ($architecture -eq "AMD64") 
 { 
     $architecture = "x64" 
 }   
 else 
 { 
     $architecture = "x86"  
}  

if ($osminor -eq 1) 
 { 
     $DownloadUrl = "http://download.microsoft.com/download/E/7/6/E76850B8-DA6E-4FF5-8CCE-A24FC513FD16/Windows6.1-KB2506143-" + $architecture + ".msu" 
} 
elseif ($osminor -eq 0) 
 { 
     $DownloadUrl = "http://download.microsoft.com/download/E/7/6/E76850B8-DA6E-4FF5-8CCE-A24FC513FD16/Windows6.0-KB2506146-" + $architecture + ".msu" 
} 
 else 
 { 
    # Nothing to do; In theory this point will never be reached. 
     Exit 
} 

$FileName = $DownLoadUrl.Split('/')[-1] 
download-file $downloadurl "$powershellpath\$filename" 

Start-Process -FilePath "$powershellpath\$filename" -ArgumentList /quiet

脚本来源于github upgrade_to_ps3.ps1

右击-->以管理员运行 稍等几分钟(具体时间看下载的速度,只要任务管理器中有powershell就说明还在下载安装),系统会自动重启升级安装powershell到3.0
如图:

重启后查看powershell信息

d、设置Windows远端管理（WS-Management，WinRM）服务
winrm 服务默认都是未启用的状态;注意以下操作在cmd中执行,而非powershell中
对winrm服务进行基础配置：

winrm quickconfig
C:\Users\san02>winrm quickconfig
已在此计算机上运行 WinRM 服务。
WinRM 没有设置成为了管理此计算机而允许对其进行远程访问。
必须进行以下更改:
在 HTTP://* 上创建 WinRM 侦听程序接受 WS-Man 对此机器上任意 IP 的请求。
启用 WinRM 防火墙异常。
执行这些更改吗[y/n]? y
WinRM 已经进行了更新，以用于远程管理。
在 HTTP://* 上创建 WinRM 侦听程序接受 WS-Man 对此机器上任意 IP 的请求。
WinRM 防火墙异常已启用。

查看winrm service listener
winrm e winrm/config/listener
C:\Users\san02>winrm e winrm/config/listener
Listener
    Address = *
    Transport = HTTP
    Port = 5985
    Hostname
    Enabled = true
    URLPrefix = wsman
    CertificateThumbprint
    ListeningOn = 127.0.0.1, 172.16.3.137, ::1, fe80::100:7f:fffe%13, fe80::5efe
:172.16.3.137%12, fe80::4865:97de:bb1f:877%11

配置auth 为true(默认为false)
winrm set winrm/config/service/auth @{Basic="true"}C:\Users\san02>winrm set winrm/config/service/auth @{Basic="true"}
Auth
    Basic = true
    Kerberos = true
    Negotiate = true
    Certificate = false
    CredSSP = false
    CbtHardeningLevel = Relaxed

配置允许非加密方式
winrm set winrm/config/service @{AllowUnencrypted="true"}
C:\Users\san02>winrm set winrm/config/service @{AllowUnencrypted="true"}
Service
    RootSDDL = O:NSG:BAD:P(A;;GA;;;BA)(A;;GR;;;IU)S:P(AU;FA;GA;;;WD)(AU;SA;GXGW;
;;WD)
    MaxConcurrentOperations = 4294967295
    MaxConcurrentOperationsPerUser = 1500
    EnumerationTimeoutms = 240000
    MaxConnections = 300
    MaxPacketRetrievalTimeSeconds = 120
    AllowUnencrypted = true
    Auth
        Basic = true
        ......以下省略.......

至此被管理端win7的环境配置完成!

四、测试Ansible管理windows

1、查看连接状态

[root@localhost ~]# ansible win7 -m win_ping
172.16.3.188 | SUCCESS => {
    "attempts": 1, 
    "changed": false, 
    "failed": false, 
    "ping": "pong"
}

2、获取Windows Facts

[root@localhost ~]# ansible win7 -m   setup
172.16.3.188 | SUCCESS => {
    "ansible_facts": {
        "ansible_architecture": "32-bit", 
        "ansible_bios_date": "12/01/2006", 
        "ansible_bios_version": "VirtualBox", 
        "ansible_date_time": {
            "date": "2018-01-24", 
            "day": "24", 
            "epoch": "1516816620.86637", 
            "hour": "17", 
            "iso8601": "2018-01-24T09:57:00Z", 
            "iso8601_basic": "20180124T175700861308", 
            "iso8601_basic_short": "20180124T175700", 
            "iso8601_micro": "2018-01-24T09:57:00.861308Z", 
            "minute": "57", 
            "month": "01", 
            "second": "00", 
    ......以下省略.......

3、远程执行命令
远程执行命令分为远程执行windows 原生自有命令通过raw 模块,如:"ipconfig "
远程执行ansible的win_command模块也可以执行命令,即ansible的扩展命令如"whoami"
默认是乱码,需要修改winrm模块文件

sed -i "s#tdout_buffer.append(stdout)#tdout_buffer.append(stdout.decode('gbk').encode('utf-8'))#g" /usr/lib/python2.7/site-packages/winrm/protocol.py
sed -i "s#stderr_buffer.append(stderr)#stderr_buffer.append(stderr.decode('gbk').encode('utf-8'))#g" /usr/lib/python2.7/site-packages/winrm/protocol.py

a、获取ip地址
[root@localhost ~]# ansible win7 -m raw -a "ipconfig"
172.16.3.188 | SUCCESS | rc=0 >>
Windows IP Configuration
Ethernet adapter 本地连接:

   Connection-specific DNS Suffix  . : 
   Link-local IPv6 Address . . . . . : fe80::c55d:90f1:8d60:5d97%11
   IPv4 Address. . . . . . . . . . . : 172.16.3.188
   Subnet Mask . . . . . . . . . . . : 255.255.255.0
   Default Gateway . . . . . . . . . : fe80::daae:90ff:fe02:9d81%11
                                       172.16.3.1
         .....省略.....

b、win_command模块远程获取身份
[root@localhost ansible]# ansible win7 -m win_command -a "whoami"
172.16.3.188 | SUCCESS | rc=0 >>
virtual_san\virtual

c、移动文件
[root@localhost ansible]# ansible win7 -m raw -a "cmd /c 'move /y d:\issue c:\issue'"
172.16.3.188 | SUCCESS | rc=0 >>
        1 file(s) moved

d、创建文件夹
[root@localhost ansible]# ansible win7 -m raw -a "mkdir d:\\tst"
172.16.3.188 | SUCCESS | rc=0 >>
    Directory: D:\
Mode                LastWriteTime     Length Name                              
----                -------------     ------ ----                              
d----         2018/1/25     16:44            tst   

e、删除文件或目录
[root@localhost ansible]# ansible win7 -m win_file -a "path=D:\1.txt state=absent"
172.16.3.188 | SUCCESS => {
    "attempts": 1, 
    "changed": true, 
    "failed": false
}

f、结束某程序
先通过 tasklist获取运行程序信息
[root@localhost ansible]# ansible win7 -m raw -a "taskkill /F /IM QQ.exe /T" 
172.16.3.188 | SUCCESS | rc=0 >>
SUCCESS: The process with PID 3504 (child process of PID 2328) has been terminated

4、文件传输到win7被管理端
把/etc/issue文件复制到当前目录(也可以直接/etc/issue)再传送到目标主机D盘下(可以修改文件名)

[root@localhost ~]# ansible win7 -m win_copy -a "src=issue dest=D:\issue"
172.16.3.188 | SUCCESS => {
    "attempts": 1, 
    "changed": true, 
    "checksum": "5c76e3b565c91e21bee303f15c728c71e6b39540", 
    "dest": "D:\\issue", 
    "failed": false, 
    "operation": "file_copy", 
    "original_basename": "issue", 
    "size": 23, 
    "src": "issue"
}

5、添加用户

[root@localhost ansible]# ansible win7 -m win_user -a "name=san2 passwd=123.c0m groups=Administrators"
172.16.3.188 | SUCCESS => {
    "account_disabled": false, 
    "account_locked": false, 
    "attempts": 1, 
    "changed": true, 
    "description": "", 
    "failed": false, 
    "fullname": "san2", 
    "groups": [
        {
            "name": "Administrators", 
            "path": "WinNT://WORKGROUP/VIRTUAL_SAN/Administrators"
        }
    ], 
    "name": "san2", 
    "password_expired": true, 
    "password_never_expires": false, 
    "path": "WinNT://WORKGROUP/VIRTUAL_SAN/san2", 
    "sid": "S-1-5-21-2708087092-4192450616-382865091-1004", 
    "state": "present", 
    "user_cannot_change_password": false
}

通过以上的实践我得知,要想通过ansible批量管理windows,前提是windows上要基于powershell配置好winrm服务;然后ansible通过模块和winrm服务远程指管理;这里只是简单的列举了向个常用管理模块;更多好用的模块请参考官方windows可用模块,包括自动配置等;

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