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Python爬虫如何使用CSS选择器？针对这个问题，这篇文章详细介绍了相对应的分析和解答，希望可以帮助更多想解决这个问题的小伙伴找到更简单易行的方法。
CSS选择器
这是另一种与find_all()方法有异曲同工的查找方法，写CSS时，标签名不加任何修饰，类名前加.，id名前加#。
在这里我们也可以利用类似的方法来筛选元素，用到的方法是soup.select()，返回的类型是list。
（1）通过标签名查找
#!/usr/bin/python3
# -*- coding:utf-8 -*-
from bs4 import BeautifulSoup
html = """
The Dormouse's story
The Dormouse's story
Once upon a time there were three little sisters; and their names were
,
Lacie and
Tillie;
and they lived at the bottom of a well.
...
"""
# 创建 Beautiful Soup 对象，指定lxml解析器
soup = BeautifulSoup(html, "lxml")
print(soup.select("title"))
print(soup.select("b"))
print(soup.select("a"))
运行结果
[The Dormouse's story]
[The Dormouse's story]
[, Lacie, Tillie]
（2）通过类名查找
#!/usr/bin/python3
# -*- coding:utf-8 -*-
from bs4 import BeautifulSoup
html = """
The Dormouse's story
The Dormouse's story
Once upon a time there were three little sisters; and their names were
,
Lacie and
Tillie;
and they lived at the bottom of a well.
...
"""
# 创建 Beautiful Soup 对象，指定lxml解析器
soup = BeautifulSoup(html, "lxml")
print(soup.select(".title"))
运行结果
[The Dormouse's story]
（3）通过id名查找
#!/usr/bin/python3
# -*- coding:utf-8 -*-
from bs4 import BeautifulSoup
html = """
The Dormouse's story
The Dormouse's story
Once upon a time there were three little sisters; and their names were
,
Lacie and
Tillie;
and they lived at the bottom of a well.
...
"""
# 创建 Beautiful Soup 对象，指定lxml解析器
soup = BeautifulSoup(html, "lxml")
print(soup.select("#link1"))
运行结果
[The Dormouse's story]
（4）组合查找
#!/usr/bin/python3
# -*- coding:utf-8 -*-
from bs4 import BeautifulSoup
html = """
The Dormouse's story
The Dormouse's story
Once upon a time there were three little sisters; and their names were
,
Lacie and
Tillie;
and they lived at the bottom of a well.
...
"""
# 创建 Beautiful Soup 对象，指定lxml解析器
soup = BeautifulSoup(html, "lxml")
print(soup.select("p #link1"))
运行结果
[]
（5）属性查找
查找时还可以加入属性元素，属性需要用中括号括起来，注意属性和标签属于同一节点，所以中间不能加空格，否则会无法匹配到。
#!/usr/bin/python3
# -*- coding:utf-8 -*-
from bs4 import BeautifulSoup
html = """
The Dormouse's story
The Dormouse's story
Once upon a time there were three little sisters; and their names were
,
Lacie and
Tillie;
and they lived at the bottom of a well.
...
"""
# 创建 Beautiful Soup 对象，指定lxml解析器
soup = BeautifulSoup(html, "lxml")
print(soup.select("a[class='sister']"))
运行结果
[, Lacie, Tillie]
同样，属性仍然可以与上述查找方式组合，不在同一节点的空格隔开，同一节点的不加空格。
#!/usr/bin/python3
# -*- coding:utf-8 -*-
from bs4 import BeautifulSoup
html = """
The Dormouse's story
The Dormouse's story
Once upon a time there were three little sisters; and their names were
,
Lacie and
Tillie;
and they lived at the bottom of a well.
...
"""
# 创建 Beautiful Soup 对象，指定lxml解析器
soup = BeautifulSoup(html, "lxml")
print(soup.select("p a[class='sister']"))
运行结果
[, Lacie, Tillie]
（6）获取内容
以上的select()方法返回的结果都是列表形式，可以遍历形式输出，然后用get_text()方法来获取它的内容。
#!/usr/bin/python3
# -*- coding:utf-8 -*-
from bs4 import BeautifulSoup
html = """
The Dormouse's story
The Dormouse's story
Once upon a time there were three little sisters; and their names were
,
Lacie and
Tillie;
and they lived at the bottom of a well.
...
"""
# 创建 Beautiful Soup 对象，指定lxml解析器
soup = BeautifulSoup(html, "lxml")
print(soup.select("p a[class='sister']"))
for item in soup.select("p a[class='sister']"):
print(item.get_text())
运行结果
[, Lacie,
Tillie]
Lacie
Tillie
注意：为注释内容，未输出
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