本篇内容主要讲解“Linux上怎么安装PostgreSQL”，感兴趣的朋友不妨来看看。本文介绍的方法操作简单快捷，实用性强。下面就让小编来带大家学习“Linux上怎么安装PostgreSQL”吧!
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环境
此处是从头学PG，为了适应两年后趋势，所以我选择的都是最新的版本
Redhat 7.8
PostgreSQL 12.2 源码
下载
打开 PostgreSQL 官网 https://www.postgresql.org/，点击菜单栏上的 Download。
可以根据需要点击自己所需要的的版本，此处为了更好的学习PG，不落后其他大咖，我选择下载最新版本的源码
安装
上传并解压
[root@node1 soft]# bzip2 -d postgresql-12.2.tar.bz2
[root@node1 soft]# tar -xvf postgresql-12.2.tar
postgresql-12.2/
postgresql-12.2/.dir-locals.el
postgresql-12.2/contrib/
postgresql-12.2/contrib/tcn/
postgresql-12.2/contrib/tcn/tcn.control
... ...（省略输出）
[root@node1 soft]# ls -lrt
total 131200
drwxrwxrwx 6 1107 1107 273 Feb 10 17:29 postgresql-12.2
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 134348800 Apr 30 05:29 postgresql-12.2.ta
安装 yum 包
yum -y install readline-devel
yum -y install readline
避免 ./configure 时报错
configure
[root@node1 postgresql-12.2]# ./configure
checking build system type... x86_64-pc-linux-gnu
checking host system type... x86_64-pc-linux-gnu
checking which template to use... linux
checking whether NLS is wanted... no
checking for default port number... 5432
checking for block size... 8kB
... ...（省略输出）
checking for fop... no
checking thread safety of required library functions... yes
checking whether gcc -std=gnu99 supports -Wl,--as-needed... yes
configure: using compiler=gcc (GCC) 4.8.5 20150623 (Red Hat 4.8.5-39)
configure: using CFLAGS=-Wall -Wmissing-prototypes -Wpointer-arith -Wdeclaration-after-statement -Werror=vla -Wendif-labels -Wmissing-format-attribute -Wformat-security -fno-strict-aliasing -fwrapv -fexcess-precision=standard -O2
configure: using CPPFLAGS= -D_GNU_SOURCE
configure: using LDFLAGS= -Wl,--as-needed
configure: creating ./config.status
config.status: creating GNUmakefile
config.status: creating src/Makefile.global
config.status: creating src/include/pg_config.h
config.status: creating src/include/pg_config_ext.h
config.status: creating src/interfaces/ecpg/include/ecpg_config.h
config.status: linking src/backend/port/tas/dummy.s to src/backend/port/tas.s
config.status: linking src/backend/port/posix_sema.c to src/backend/port/pg_sema.c
config.status: linking src/backend/port/sysv_shmem.c to src/backend/port/pg_shmem.c
config.status: linking src/include/port/linux.h to src/include/pg_config_os.h
config.status: linking src/makefiles/Makefile.linux to src/Makefile.por
make && make install
[root@node1 postgresql-12.2]# make
make -C ./src/backend generated-headers
make[1]: Entering directory `/soft/postgresql-12.2/src/backend'
make -C catalog distprep generated-header-symlinks
make[2]: Entering directory `/soft/postgresql-12.2/src/backend/catalog'
... ...（省略输出）
make[2]: Nothing to be done for `all'.
make[2]: Leaving directory `/soft/postgresql-12.2/src/test/perl'
make[1]: Leaving directory `/soft/postgresql-12.2/src'
make -C config all
make[1]: Entering directory `/soft/postgresql-12.2/config'
make[1]: Nothing to be done for `all'.
make[1]: Leaving directory `/soft/postgresql-12.2/config'
All of PostgreSQL successfully made. Ready to install.
[root@node1 postgresql-12.2]# make install
make -C ./src/backend generated-headers
make[1]: Entering directory `/soft/postgresql-12.2/src/backend'
make -C catalog distprep generated-header-symlinks
make[2]: Entering directory `/soft/postgresql-12.2/src/backend/catalog'
make[2]: Nothing to be done for `distprep'.
make[2]: Nothing to be done for `generated-header-symlinks'.
... ...（省略输出）
make -C config install
make[1]: Entering directory `/soft/postgresql-12.2/config'
/usr/bin/mkdir -p '/usr/local/pgsql/lib/pgxs/config'
/usr/bin/install -c -m 755 ./install-sh '/usr/local/pgsql/lib/pgxs/config/install-sh'
/usr/bin/install -c -m 755 ./missing '/usr/local/pgsql/lib/pgxs/config/missing'
make[1]: Leaving directory `/soft/postgresql-12.2/config'
PostgreSQL installation complete
创建用户并配置密码
[root@node1 postgresql-12.2]# useradd postgres
[root@node1 postgresql-12.2]# passwd postgres
Changing password for user postgres.
New password:
BAD PASSWORD: The password contains the user name in some form
Retype new password:
passwd: all authentication tokens updated successfully
创建数据目录并授权
[root@node1 postgresql-12.2]# mkdir -p /data/pg_data
[root@node1 postgresql-12.2]# chown postgres:postgres -R /data
[root@node1 postgresql-12.2]# cd /usr/local
[root@node1 local]# ll
total 0
drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root 6 Dec 14 2017 bin
drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root 6 Dec 14 2017 etc
drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root 6 Dec 14 2017 games
drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root 6 Dec 14 2017 include
drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root 6 Dec 14 2017 lib
drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root 6 Dec 14 2017 lib64
drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root 6 Dec 14 2017 libexec
drwxr-xr-x 6 postgres postgres 56 Apr 30 05:53 pgsql
drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root 6 Dec 14 2017 sbin
drwxr-xr-x. 5 root root 49 Apr 16 12:09 share
drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root 6 Dec 14 2017 src
[root@node1 local]# chown postgres:postgres -R pgsq
配置 postgres 用户
[postgres@node1 ~]$ cat .bash_profile
export PATH=$PATH:/usr/local/pgsql/bin
export PGDATA=/data/pg_data
[postgres@node1 ~]$ source .bash_profile
初始化数据库
[postgres@node1 ~]$ initdb -D /data/pg_data/
The files belonging to this database system will be owned by user "postgres".
This user must also own the server process.
The database cluster will be initialized with locale "en_US.UTF-8".
The default database encoding has accordingly been set to "UTF8".
The default text search configuration will be set to "english".
Data page checksums are disabled.
fixing permissions on existing directory /data/pg_data ... ok
creating subdirectories ... ok
selecting dynamic shared memory implementation ... posix
selecting default max_connections ... 100
selecting default shared_buffers ... 128MB
selecting default time zone ... America/New_York
creating configuration files ... ok
running bootstrap script ... ok
performing post-bootstrap initialization ... ok
syncing data to disk ... ok
initdb: warning: enabling "trust" authentication for local connections
You can change this by editing pg_hba.conf or using the option -A, or
--auth-local and --auth-host, the next time you run initdb.
Success. You can now start the database server using:
pg_ctl -D /data/pg_data/ -l logfile star
启动数据库
[postgres@node1 ~]$ pg_ctl -D /data/pg_data/ start
waiting for server to start....2020-04-30 06:34:29.841 EDT [53149] LOG: starting PostgreSQL 12.2 on x86_64-pc-linux-gnu, compiled by gcc (GCC) 4.8.5 20150623 (Red Hat 4.8.5-39), 64-bit
2020-04-30 06:34:29.841 EDT [53149] LOG: listening on IPv6 address "::1", port 5432
2020-04-30 06:34:29.841 EDT [53149] LOG: listening on IPv4 address "127.0.0.1", port 5432
2020-04-30 06:34:29.844 EDT [53149] LOG: listening on Unix socket "/tmp/.s.PGSQL.5432"
2020-04-30 06:34:29.856 EDT [53150] LOG: database system was shut down at 2020-04-30 06:29:52 EDT
2020-04-30 06:34:29.858 EDT [53149] LOG: database system is ready to accept connections
done
server starte
关闭数据库
[postgres@node1 ~]$ pg_ctl -D /data/pg_data/ stop
waiting for server to shut down....2020-04-30 06:35:27.573 EDT [53149] LOG: received fast shutdown request
2020-04-30 06:35:27.574 EDT [53149] LOG: aborting any active transactions
2020-04-30 06:35:27.574 EDT [53149] LOG: background worker "logical replication launcher" (PID 53156) exited with exit code 1
2020-04-30 06:35:27.575 EDT [53151] LOG: shutting down
2020-04-30 06:35:27.584 EDT [53149] LOG: database system is shut down
done
server stopped
到此，相信大家对“Linux上怎么安装PostgreSQL”有了更深的了解，不妨来实际操作一番吧！这里是创新互联网站，更多相关内容可以进入相关频道进行查询，关注我们，继续学习！
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