# 批量插入数据
book_list = []
for i in range(100):
book = Book(title="book_%s"%i,price=i*i,publishDate="2012-12-12",publish_id=1)
book_list.append(book)
Book.objects.bulk_create(book_list)
# 局部钩子函数名为clean_UserForm中字段名
# 返回值为val，报错时raise ValidationError("用户名长度最长为12")
# 错误信息存放在form.errors.get("字段名")[0]
def clean_name(self):
val = self.cleaned_data.get("name")
if len(val)<12:
return val
else:
raise ValidationError("用户名长度最长为12")
查看源码
form.is_valid()
def is_valid(self):
"""Return True if the form has no errors, or False otherwise."""
return self.is_bound and not self.errors
@property
def errors(self):
"""Return an ErrorDict for the data provided for the form."""
if self._errors is None:
self.full_clean()
return self._errors
def full_clean(self):
"""
Clean all of self.data and populate self._errors and self.cleaned_data.
"""
self._errors = ErrorDict()
if not self.is_bound: # Stop further processing.
return
self.cleaned_data = {} # 是一个字典
# If the form is permitted to be empty, and none of the form data has
# changed from the initial data, short circuit any validation.
if self.empty_permitted and not self.has_changed():
return
self._clean_fields() #局部钩子所在源码处，先执行局部钩子函数，然后执行全局钩子函数
self._clean_form() #全局钩子所在源码处
self._post_clean()
def _clean_fields(self):
for name, field in self.fields.items():
# value_from_datadict() gets the data from the data dictionaries.
# Each widget type knows how to retrieve its own data, because some
# widgets split data over several HTML fields.
if field.disabled:
value = self.get_initial_for_field(field, name)
else:
value = field.widget.value_from_datadict(self.data, self.files, self.add_prefix(name))
try:
if isinstance(field, FileField):
initial = self.get_initial_for_field(field, name)
value = field.clean(value, initial)
else:
value = field.clean(value)
self.cleaned_data[name] = value #可以看到，验证通过的字段赋值给了cleaned_data.
if hasattr(self, 'clean_%s' % name):
value = getattr(self, 'clean_%s' % name)()
self.cleaned_data[name] = value
except ValidationError as e:
self.add_error(name, e)
2.3.1局部钩子案例
forms.py
#!/usr/bin/env python
# -*- coding:utf-8 -*-
# Author: vita
from django import forms
from django.forms import widgets
from django.core.exceptions import ValidationError
class UserForm(forms.Form):
# 自定义html中的标签和添加类
name = forms.CharField(min_length=4, label="用户名", error_messages={"required": "该字段不能为空"},widget=widgets.TextInput(attrs={"class": "form-control"}))
pwd = forms.CharField(min_length=4, label="密码", error_messages={"required": "该字段不能为空"},widget=widgets.PasswordInput(attrs={"class": "form-control"}))
r_pwd = forms.CharField(min_length=4, label="确认密码", error_messages={"required": "该字段不能为空"},widget=widgets.PasswordInput(attrs={"class": "form-control"}))
email = forms.EmailField(label="邮箱", error_messages={"required": "该字段不能为空", "invalid": "格式错误"},widget=widgets.EmailInput(attrs={"class": "form-control"}))
tel = forms.CharField(label="手机号", widget=widgets.TextInput(attrs={"class": "form-control"}))
# 局部钩子函数，必须是clean_字段名
def clean_tel(self):
val = self.cleaned_data.get("tel")
if len(val)==11:
return val
else:
raise ValidationError("手机格式错误")
def clean_name(self):
val = self.cleaned_data.get("name")
if len(val)<12:
return val
else:
raise ValidationError("用户名长度最长为12")
views.py
from django.shortcuts import render,HttpResponse
from django.core.paginator import Paginator,EmptyPage
from app1.models import *
from app1.myforms import *
def index(request):
form = UserForm()
if request.method=="POST":
print(request.POST) #
form = UserForm(request.POST)
if form.is_valid():
print("form.cleaned_data----", form.cleaned_data)
else:
print("form.cleaned_data----", form.cleaned_data) # {'pwd': '1234', 'email': '123@qq.com', 'tel': '123'}
print("form.errors----", form.errors)
print("type(form.errors)----", type(form.errors)) #
print("form.errors.get('name')----", form.errors.get("name")) #
def _clean_form(self):
try:
cleaned_data = self.clean()
except ValidationError as e: #这里捕获ValidationError,所以自己定义的函数中抛出该异常
self.add_error(None, e)
else:
if cleaned_data is not None:
self.cleaned_data = cleaned_data
def clean(self):
"""
Hook for doing any extra form-wide cleaning after Field.clean() has been
called on every field. Any ValidationError raised by this method will
not be associated with a particular field; it will have a special-case
association with the field named '__all__'.
"""
return self.cleaned_data #所以我们重写clean方法，返回值为cleaned_data
2.4.1全局钩子案例
forms.py
#!/usr/bin/env python
# -*- coding:utf-8 -*-
# Author: vita
from django import forms
from django.forms import widgets
from django.core.exceptions import ValidationError
class UserForm(forms.Form):
# 自定义html中的标签和添加类
name = forms.CharField(min_length=4, label="用户名", error_messages={"required": "该字段不能为空"},widget=widgets.TextInput(attrs={"class": "form-control"}))
pwd = forms.CharField(min_length=4, label="密码", error_messages={"required": "该字段不能为空"},widget=widgets.PasswordInput(attrs={"class": "form-control"}))
r_pwd = forms.CharField(min_length=4, label="确认密码", error_messages={"required": "该字段不能为空"},widget=widgets.PasswordInput(attrs={"class": "form-control"}))
email = forms.EmailField(label="邮箱", error_messages={"required": "该字段不能为空", "invalid": "格式错误"},widget=widgets.EmailInput(attrs={"class": "form-control"}))
tel = forms.CharField(label="手机号", widget=widgets.TextInput(attrs={"class": "form-control"}))
def clean_tel(self):
val = self.cleaned_data.get("tel")
if len(val)==11:
return val
else:
raise ValidationError("手机格式错误")
def clean_name(self):
val = self.cleaned_data.get("name")
if len(val)<12:
return val
else:
raise ValidationError("用户名长度最长为12")
# 全局钩子，函数名必须为clean
def clean(self):
pwd = self.cleaned_data.get("pwd")
r_pwd=self.cleaned_data.get("r_pwd")
# 当密码验证不通过的时候，假如密码pwd为空，就不要验证密码是否一致了
if pwd and r_pwd:
if pwd==r_pwd:
return self.cleaned_data
else:
raise ValidationError("两次密码不一致")
else:
return self.cleaned_data
vews.py
from django.shortcuts import render,HttpResponse
from django.core.paginator import Paginator,EmptyPage
from app1.models import *
from app1.myforms import *
def index(request):
form = UserForm()
if request.method=="POST":
print(request.POST) #
form = UserForm(request.POST)
if form.is_valid():
print("form.cleaned_data----", form.cleaned_data)
else:
print("form.cleaned_data----", form.cleaned_data) # {'pwd': '1234', 'email': '123@qq.com', 'tel': '123'}
print("form.errors----", form.errors)
print("type(form.errors)----", type(form.errors)) #
print("form.errors.get('name')----", form.errors.get("name")) #
