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下文主要给大家带来job的简单配置和简易测试，希望这些文字能够带给大家实际用处，这也是我编辑job的简单配置和简易测试这篇文章的主要目的。好了，废话不多说，大家直接看下文吧。
1.job简单介绍
job也是种控制器,k8s有两种类型的控制器,一种是服务类控制器,比如deployment,deamonset,replicaset等等.一种是工作任务类控制器,job和cronjon就是工作任务类控制器.
job的简易参数介绍
spec.template格式同Pod
RestartPolicy仅支持Never或OnFailure
单个Pod时，默认Pod成功运行后Job即结束.
spec.completions标志Job结束需要成功运行的Pod个数,默认为1,可以理解pod运行的总数.
spec.parallelism标志并行运行的Pod的个数,默认为1,可以理解为同时运行的Pod数量.
spec.activeDeadlineSeconds标志失败Pod的重试大时间,超过这个时间不会继续重试.
spec.backoffLimit: 指定job失败后进行重试的次数.
2.job简易实例
[root@k8s-node1 job]#cat job1.yaml
apiVersion: batch/v1
kind: Job
metadata:
name: pi
spec:
template:
metadata:
name: pi
spec:
containers:
- name: pi
image: perl
command: ["perl", "-Mbignum=bpi", "-wle", "print bpi(2000)"]
restartPolicy: Never
[root@k8s-node1 job]# kubectl get job
NAME COMPLETIONS DURATION AGE
pi 1/1 8m37s 15m
[root@k8s-node1 job]# kubectl get pod
NAME READY STATUS RESTARTS AGE
busybox 1/1 Running 76 28d
mysql-7c9cbfcdf8-hxlrm 1/1 Running 7 22d
mysql-t-54666b579c-7m5rv 1/1 Running 11 26d
mysql-test-647b8db96b-qdxw6 1/1 Running 10 23d
pi-5gtpz 0/1 Completed 0 15m
wordpress-pod-74c47cd8dd-dlzvc 1/1 Running 7 22d
[root@k8s-node1 job]# kubectl logs pi-5gtpz
修改配置文件,加上参数测试
[root@k8s-node1 job]# cat job1.yaml
apiVersion: batch/v1
kind: Job
metadata:
name: pi
spec:
completions: 3
parallelism: 2
template:
metadata:
name: pi
spec:
containers:
- name: pi
image: perl
command: ["perl", "-Mbignum=bpi", "-wle", "print bpi(2000)"]
restartPolicy: Never
spec.parallelism参数设置了2,因此开始就启动了两个pod
[root@k8s-node1 job]# kubectl get pod
NAME READY STATUS RESTARTS AGE
busybox 1/1 Running 76 28d
mysql-7c9cbfcdf8-hxlrm 1/1 Running 7 22d
mysql-t-54666b579c-7m5rv 1/1 Running 11 26d
mysql-test-647b8db96b-qdxw6 1/1 Running 10 23d
pi-jjpm4 0/1 ContainerCreating 0 4s
pi-xffsz 0/1 ContainerCreating 0 4s
wordpress-pod-74c47cd8dd-dlzvc 1/1 Running 7 22d
[root@k8s-node1 job]# kubectl get pod
NAME READY STATUS RESTARTS AGE
busybox 1/1 Running 76 28d
mysql-7c9cbfcdf8-hxlrm 1/1 Running 7 22d
mysql-t-54666b579c-7m5rv 1/1 Running 11 26d
mysql-test-647b8db96b-qdxw6 1/1 Running 10 23d
pi-c4qxs 0/1 Completed 0 43s
pi-jjpm4 0/1 Completed 0 55s
pi-xffsz 0/1 Completed 0 55s
wordpress-pod-74c47cd8dd-dlzvc 1/1 Running 7 22d
3.job备份mysql容器数据库
job在什么场景使用呢?
比如数据库备份
最简单的示例,参考见下:
思路是启用一个job,使用的镜像是mysql:5.7(注意密码必须设置),然后执行命令mysqldump --host=mysql-test -uroot -ppassword --databases t1 >t1.sql.备份MySQL容器pod主机名为mysql-test的数据库(注意mysql-test是svc的名字).
[root@k8s-node1 job]# kubectl get svc,pod
NAME TYPE CLUSTER-IP EXTERNAL-IP PORT(S) AGE
service/httpd-svc NodePort 10.254.125.1 80:8400/TCP 31d
service/kubernetes ClusterIP 10.254.0.1 443/TCP 45d
service/mysql ClusterIP 10.254.209.23 3306/TCP 23d
service/mysql-t ClusterIP 10.254.177.63 3306/TCP 27d
service/mysql-test ClusterIP 10.254.177.188 3306/TCP 24d
service/wordpress NodePort 10.254.88.118 8080:8425/TCP 23d
NAME READY STATUS RESTARTS AGE
pod/busybox 1/1 Running 92 29d
pod/mysql-7c9cbfcdf8-hxlrm 1/1 Running 17 23d
pod/mysql-dump-jw5zh 0/1 Completed 0 80s
pod/mysql-t-54666b579c-7m5rv 1/1 Running 21 27d
pod/mysql-test-647b8db96b-qdxw6 1/1 Running 19 24d
pod/t1-55f6c78557-6xxwd 1/1 Running 0 17m
pod/t2-7f459d454c-wk2zb 1/1 Running 0 17m
pod/wordpress-pod-74c47cd8dd-dlzvc 1/1 Running 12 23d
[root@k8s-node1 job]# cat job2.yaml
apiVersion: batch/v1
kind: Job
metadata:
name: mysql-dump
spec:
template:
metadata:
name: mysql-dump
spec:
containers:
- name: mysql-dump
image: mysql:5.7
env:
- name: MYSQL_ROOT_PASSWORD
value: abc123
command: ["/bin/sh","-c","mysqldump --host=mysql-test -uroot -ppassword --databases t1 >t1.sql"]
restartPolicy: Never
测试执行成功.见下:
[root@k8s-node1 storage]# kubectl get job
NAME COMPLETIONS DURATION AGE
mysql-dump 1/1 2s 28m
[root@k8s-node1 storage]# kubectl get pod
NAME READY STATUS RESTARTS AGE
busybox 1/1 Running 81 29d
mysql-7c9cbfcdf8-hxlrm 1/1 Running 7 22d
mysql-dump-p4wn7 0/1 Completed 0 28m
mysql-t-54666b579c-7m5rv 1/1 Running 11 27d
mysql-test-647b8db96b-qdxw6 1/1 Running 10 23d
nfs-client-provisioner-5bd47b7669-lzv6j 0/1 ContainerCreating 0 6m38s
wordpress-pod-74c47cd8dd-dlzvc 1/1 Running 7 22d
完美点的示例,把备份的数据解耦出来,加上pvc.
配置pv和pvc,参考见下:
pv
[root@k8s-node1 storage]# cat job-pv1.yaml
apiVersion: v1
kind: PersistentVolume
metadata:
name: jobpv1
spec:
capacity:
storage: 100Mi
accessModes:
- ReadWriteMany
persistentVolumeReclaimPolicy: Retain
storageClassName: nfs
nfs:
path: /mnt/data/jobpv1
server: 192.168.174.130
[root@k8s-node1 storage]# kubectl apply -f job-pv1.yaml
persistentvolume/jobpv1 created
[root@k8s-node1 storage]# kubectl get pv
NAME CAPACITY ACCESS MODES RECLAIM POLICY STATUS CLAIM STORAGECLASS REASON AGE
jobpv1 100Mi RWX Retain Available nfs 7s
pvc
[root@k8s-node1 storage]# cat job-pvc1.yaml
apiVersion: v1
kind: PersistentVolumeClaim
metadata:
name: jobpvc1
spec:
accessModes:
- ReadWriteMany
resources:
requests:
storage: 100Mi
storageClassName: nfs
[root@k8s-node1 storage]# kubectl apply -f job-pvc1.yaml
persistentvolumeclaim/jobpvc1 created
[root@k8s-node1 storage]# kubectl get pvc
NAME STATUS VOLUME CAPACITY ACCESS MODES STORAGECLASS AGE
jobpvc1 Bound jobpv1 100Mi RWX nfs 4s
把pvc使用到job上
[root@k8s-node1 job]# cat job2.yaml
apiVersion: batch/v1
kind: Job
metadata:
name: mysql-dump
spec:
template:
metadata:
name: mysql-dump
spec:
containers:
- name: mysql-dump
image: mysql:5.7
env:
- name: MYSQL_ROOT_PASSWORD
value: abc123
command: ["/bin/sh","-c","mysqldump --host=mysql-test -uroot -ppassword --databases t1 >/mnt/t1.sql"]
volumeMounts:
- name: job-pvc
mountPath: "/mnt"
restartPolicy: Never
volumes:
- name: job-pvc
persistentVolumeClaim:
claimName: jobpvc1
[root@k8s-node1 job]# kubectl apply -f job2.yaml
job.batch/mysql-dump created
[root@k8s-node1 job]# kubectl get pod
NAME READY STATUS RESTARTS AGE
busybox 1/1 Running 92 29d
mysql-7c9cbfcdf8-hxlrm 1/1 Running 17 23d
mysql-dump-jw5zh 0/1 Completed 0 3s
mysql-t-54666b579c-7m5rv 1/1 Running 21 27d
mysql-test-647b8db96b-qdxw6 1/1 Running 19 24d
t1-55f6c78557-6xxwd 1/1 Running 0 16m
t2-7f459d454c-wk2zb 1/1 Running 0 15m
wordpress-pod-74c47cd8dd-dlzvc 1/1 Running 12 23d
可以去保存pvc的目录下查看,数据已经备份成功,见下
[root@k8s-node3 jobpv1]# pwd
/mnt/data/jobpv1
[root@k8s-node3 jobpv1]# ls
t1.sql
4.使用cronjob备份
上面用job备份只是一次性执行结束,对于很多备份是需要持续性备份操作的,持续性备份操作,k8s有cronjob.
就用上面的示例修改
注意cronjob的api和job的api不一样,可用expalin命令检索,见下
[root@k8s-node1 job]# kubectl explain cronjob
KIND: CronJob
VERSION: batch/v1beta1
修改好的cronjob示例见下
[root@k8s-node1 job]# cat cronjob1.yaml
apiVersion: batch/v1beta1
kind: CronJob
metadata:
name: mysql-dump
spec:
schedule: "*/1 * * * *"
jobTemplate:
spec:
template:
spec:
containers:
- name: mysql-dump
image: mysql:5.7
env:
- name: MYSQL_ROOT_PASSWORD
value: abc123
command: ["/bin/sh","-c","mysqldump --host=mysql-test -uroot -ppassword --databases t1 >/mnt/t1`date +%Y%m%d%H%M`.sql"]
volumeMounts:
- name: job-pvc
mountPath: "/mnt"
restartPolicy: Never
volumes:
- name: job-pvc
persistentVolumeClaim:
claimName: jobpvc1
注释1:schedule: "/1 ",每分钟执行一次
注释2:date +%Y%m%d%H%M,date函数命令,文件名加上日期时间,更能直观*
读取执行cronjob
[root@k8s-node1 job]# kubectl apply -f cronjob1.yaml
cronjob.batch/mysql-dump created
[root@k8s-node1 job]# kubectl get cronjob
NAME SCHEDULE SUSPEND ACTIVE LAST SCHEDULE AGE
mysql-dump */1 * * * * False 1 5s 10s
[root@k8s-node1 job]# kubectl get pod
NAME READY STATUS RESTARTS AGE
busybox 1/1 Running 103 32d
mysql-7c9cbfcdf8-hxlrm 1/1 Running 21 26d
mysql-dump-1577082660-d58mx 0/1 Completed 0 9s
检索pvc存储目录,可见每分钟保存一个sql文件,见下:
[root@k8s-node3 jobpv1]# pwd
/mnt/data/jobpv1
[root@k8s-node3 jobpv1]# ll
total 32
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 2447 Dec 23 14:31 t1201912230631.sql
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 2447 Dec 23 14:32 t1201912230632.sql
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 2447 Dec 23 14:33 t1201912230633.sql
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 2447 Dec 23 14:34 t1201912230634.sql
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 2447 Dec 23 14:35 t1201912230635.sql
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 2447 Dec 23 14:36 t1201912230636.sql
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 2447 Dec 23 14:37 t1201912230637.sql
cronjob用来备份数据,非常方便.
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